| HS Code | 512827 |
| Density | 1.04 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption 24h | 1.6% |
| Water Absorption Saturation | 2.5% |
| Tensile Modulus | 300 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 38 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 200% |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched 23 C | 20 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Impact Strength Unnotched 23 C | No Break |
| Melting Temperature | 175 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 50 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature B50 | 120 °C |
| Volume Resistivity | 1e12 Ω·cm |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 EC Nylon 12, Conditioned factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied as conditioned nylon 12 granules in sealed, moisture-proof 25 kg bags, preserving performance until use. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Load grilamid nylon 12 in 20′ FCL on pallets, securely braced, protected from moisture and damage. |
| Shipping | EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 EC Nylon 12 (Conditioned) ships as a hygroscopic thermoplastic resin in sealed, moisture-barrier bags or drums to prevent moisture uptake. Transport in dry, covered containers, avoiding extreme heat and humidity. Handle with care to preserve integrity; standard non-hazardous freight applies. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid L 20 EC in its original sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and UV radiation. Keep tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption, as conditioned nylon 12 can re-equilibrate with ambient humidity. Protect from mechanical damage and contamination. Follow manufacturer’s recommended shelf life and handle with standard hygiene practices. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is indefinite when stored sealed in a cool, dry place, protected from moisture, UV, and contamination. |
In the production of monolayer automotive fuel vapor return and evaporative emission tubing from EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 20 EC in the conditioned state, the resin is selected for its combination of low saturated moisture uptake relative to PA6 and PA66, retention of burst strength after hydrocarbon exposure, and resistance to zinc chloride road salt solutions. The conditioned moisture level is maintained at 0.6 wt% to 0.8 wt% under ISO 291 23/50 atmosphere before processing, but the material is dried to 0.08 wt% maximum residual moisture in a desiccant dryer with a dew point of -30°C or lower when the bag has been open for more than 4 h at relative humidity above 60%. Failure to document residual moisture prior to melt processing produces silver streaking, surface weld lines, and viscosity excursions in the metering zone of the extruder. Industry compliance for this downstream segment is evaluated under SAE J30 for fuel and oil hose material compatibility, SAE J2260 where low-permeation evaporative emission tubing is specified, and ISO 13775-1:2020 for burst, cold impact, and dimensional stability test methods, with low-temperature falling-weight impact at -40°C assessed according to the procedure cited in DIN 73379-1. The production formulation used for the inner bore layer contains 100 parts by mass Grilamid L 20 EC, 0.3 wt% to 0.5 wt% copper-halide heat-stabilizer masterbatch, 2.0 wt% to 2.5 wt% carbon black masterbatch for UV stabilization, and 0.2 wt% to 0.5 wt% stearamide processing lubricant. Copper-halide stabilizer loadings are restrained below 0.6 wt% because higher concentrations can increase extractable copper species when the finished tube is exposed to acidic fuel condensate during long-term evaporative emission testing. Downstream conversion is performed on a 30:1 L/D single-screw extruder with barrier screw geometry and a grooved feed section, using barrel zone temperatures from 220°C to 240°C, a die-head melt temperature of 235°C ± 3°C, and vacuum sizing at -0.6 bar to -0.8 bar. The extrudate passes through a closed-loop vacuum calibration tank at 20°C to 25°C, through an ultrasonic wall-thickness gauge operating at 4 kHz, and into a post-extrusion annealing bath at 70°C for 2 h before cutting into straight lengths. Terminal finished product types include fuel return and EVAP vapor pipes for light-duty gasoline vehicles, tank vent lines, canister purge connector tubing, and low-pressure fuel filler neck drain lines.
Extrusion of polyamide 12 air brake tube on a 30:1 L/D single-screw extruder requires control of melt-temperature history because commercial-vehicle qualification tests under ISO 7628-1:2010 and SAE J844 impose burst strength, tensile elongation, cold impact, oil resistance, and ozone resistance requirements that are sensitive to thermo-oxidative chain scission. DIN 73378 remains a retained European approval specification for polyamide tubing in compressed air braking circuits. The critical process conflict is located between melt homogeneity and residence time: raising melt temperature above 245°C improves surface finish and lowers die pressure, but serial production data from continuous extrusion lines indicate that residence times above 8 min at melt temperatures above 245°C generate measurable molecular weight loss and reduce room-temperature burst strength by 8% to 12% relative to the same die-head geometry operated at 232°C. The processing window is therefore maintained at 232°C ± 3°C at the die adapter, with screw speed adjusted to keep mean melt residence time below 8 min and maximum residence time below 12 min. The formulation loading for a 6 mm OD × 1 mm wall production brake line uses 100 parts by mass Grilamid L 20 EC, 2.0 wt% to 3.0 wt% carbon black masterbatch for atmospheric protection, and 0.3 wt% to 0.5 wt% phenolic-phosphite antioxidant masterbatch. When an OEM specification requires retained flexibility below -40°C, an external benzenesulfonamide plasticizer masterbatch is added at 4 phr to 8 phr; loadings above 8 phr have been associated with plasticizer migration into push-in coupling zones and leakage after thermal cycling in production validation. Downstream processing consists of grooved-feed single-screw extrusion with barrel temperatures from 225°C to 240°C, closed-loop vacuum sizing to maintain outside diameter tolerance of ±0.05 mm, in-line laser shadow measurement at 120 Hz, and forced-air cooling before coil winding. Post-cooling conditioning at 23°C/50% RH for 48 h is mandatory before final burst testing because dry-as-molded specimens can generate burst strengths 10% to 15% higher than conditioned values, and release acceptance is based on the conditioned state. Terminal products include coiled air brake tubing for trucks and trailers in outside diameters 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm, pre-formed chassis harness assemblies, and quick-connect service coils.
Calibrated outside diameter tolerances for industrial pneumatic push-in tube extruded from Grilamid L 20 EC are controlled through vacuum sizing tank parameters because fitting retention is lost when ovality exceeds 0.05 mm or when axial retraction after cutting produces a terminal gap at the collet face. Dimensional recovery is measured after 24 h at 23°C and 50% RH using a laser shadow gauge, while pneumatic circuit validation follows ISO 14743:2005 for thermoplastic tube and push-in fitting combinations and ISO 16030:2001 for dimensional and flow characteristics. The resin contributes low water absorption compared with PA6 and PA66, which limits the shift in outside diameter between dry-molded and conditioned states that can otherwise cause fitting insertion force drift in high-humidity production areas. The production compound is deliberately lean: 100 parts by mass Grilamid L 20 EC, 1.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% titanium dioxide masterbatch for laser marking contrast, 0.3 wt% to 0.5 wt% stearate-based internal lubricant, and 0.2 wt% hindered phenol antioxidant. No external plasticizer is added in standard pneumatic tube because surface hardness below Shore D 60 has been correlated with pull-out failure in high-frequency actuation circuits. The extrusion line uses a 30:1 L/D single-screw extruder with a spiral mandrel die, melt temperature 228°C ± 2°C, vacuum sizing at -0.5 bar, and haul-off speed from 60 m/min to 120 m/min. In-line outside diameter feedback control adjusts vacuum pressure and haul-off speed to hold ±0.03 mm tolerance, and post-extrusion reheating at 80°C for 60 s in a hot-water annealing trough reduces free-end axial shrinkage to 0.5% after 24 h. Terminal finished product types include straight lengths, color-coded coils, dual-durometer tubing assemblies, and bundled multi-tube reels used in packaging machinery, robotic end-of-arm pneumatic circuits, and automated assembly cells.
Loose-tube buffer tubes for stranded fibre optic cable can be produced from Grilamid L 20 EC when the cable design requires a tube material with saturated water absorption below 1.0 wt% and post-extrusion shrinkage below 0.3% after 24 h at 85°C. The conditioned grade must nevertheless be dried to 0.08 wt% residual moisture before processing because hydrolysis at melt temperature accelerates molecular weight decline and raises attenuation variability through microbending of the encapsulated fibre bundle. Industry compliance is assessed under IEC 60794-1-21:2015 for mechanical tests and IEC 60794-1-22:2012 for environmental cycling, with additional flame resistance evaluated under IEC 60332-1-2 only when the final fibre optic cable is installed in riser spaces. The formulation loading for a high-speed loose-tube line contains 100 parts by mass L 20 EC, 0.2 wt% to 0.4 wt% phosphite antioxidant masterbatch, and 0.5 wt% to 1.0 wt% carbon black or titanium dioxide masterbatch. Silicone-based slip additives are held below 0.1 wt% because migration into the thixotropic fibre-filling gel can alter coated fibre stress and increase attenuation at 1550 nm. Downstream production employs a 24:1 L/D to 30:1 L/D single-screw extruder with a crosshead die, melt temperature 235°C ± 3°C, and line speeds from 800 m/min to 1200 m/min. The molten tube is quenched in a hot-water trough followed by a second-stage cooling bath at 20°C to 25°C, with draw-down ratio held between 5:1 and 10:1 to control orientation and subsequent thermal retraction. Terminal finished product types include loose tubes for stranded loose-tube fibre optic cables, central-tube cable designs, and micromodule buffer tubes used in high-fibre-count long-haul and outside plant networks.
| Downstream segment | Primary compliance standards | Critical validation property | Formulation loading boundary |
|---|---|---|---|
| EVAP and fuel vapor return tubing | SAE J30; SAE J2260; ISO 13775-1:2020; DIN 73379-1 | Burst strength, cold impact at -40°C, permeation resistance | L 20 EC 100 parts; carbon black 2.0–2.5 wt%; stabilizer 0.3–0.5 wt% |
| Air brake tubing | ISO 7628-1:2010; SAE J844; DIN 73378 | Burst after oil immersion, tensile elongation, cold impact | L 20 EC 100 parts; carbon black 2.0–3.0 wt%; plasticizer 4–8 phr conditional |
| Pneumatic push-in tubing | ISO 14743:2005; ISO 16030:2001 | OD tolerance, ovality below 0.05 mm, pull-out retention | L 20 EC 100 parts; TiO₂ 1.0–2.0 wt%; lubricant 0.3–0.5 wt% |
| Optical fibre loose tube | IEC 60794-1-21:2015; IEC 60794-1-22:2012 | Post-extrusion shrinkage, attenuation variation, gel compatibility | L 20 EC 100 parts; antioxidant 0.2–0.4 wt%; pigment 0.5–1.0 wt% |
| Catheter subcomponents | ISO 10993-1:2018; ISO 13485:2016 | Cytotoxicity, leachables, radiopacity retention | L 20 EC 100 parts; BaSO₄ 10–20 wt%; antioxidant 0.2 wt% |
| Hydrocarbon transfer liner | EN 12115:2021; EN 13483:2013 | Surface resistivity, chemical resistance, liner-to-rubber adhesion | L 20 EC 100 parts; conductive carbon black 2.0–3.0 wt%; wax 0.5 wt% |
Microextrusion of multi-lumen catheter subcomponents from Grilamid L 20 EC is contingent on ISO 10993-1:2018 biological evaluation planning and USP Class VI testing of the final device, because resin supplier certification alone does not establish acceptance for patient-contact devices. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, and the converter must qualify leachables, cytotoxicity, acute systemic toxicity, irritation, and sensitization outcomes from the finished assembly under ISO 10993-5, ISO 10993-10, and ISO 10993-11 methods. The material is selected for low moisture uptake, which stabilizes lumen geometry after ethylene oxide sterilization and during shelf-life aging at 25°C/60% RH. The formulation loading for radiopaque multi-lumen shaft production uses 100 parts by mass L 20 EC, 10 wt% to 20 wt% barium sulfate masterbatch for fluoroscopic visibility, and 0.2 wt% hindered phenol antioxidant. No external plasticizer is used because leachable plasticizer species can complicate ISO 10993-12 chemical characterization. Downstream processing is performed on an 18 mm single-screw microextruder with a crosshead die over a polytetrafluoroethylene liner and a draw-down ratio of 1.5:1 to 2.5:1, with melt temperature between 220°C and 230°C, followed by post-crystallization annealing at 100°C for 20 min to stabilize axial dimensions. The operational boundary is short-term external communicating or tissue-contact use; long-term implant applications require chronic implantation data under ISO 10993-6 that may not be available for this specific grade without additional qualification. Terminal finished product types include catheter shafts, introducer sheaths, delivery catheter subcomponents, and multi-lumen diagnostic tubing where dimensional stability and low moisture swell are required.
For flexible hydrocarbon transfer hose, Grilamid L 20 EC inner liners are extruded as the contact layer in composite constructions that require low-temperature suction and discharge performance without plasticizer migration into the conveyed fluid. The compliance pathway follows EN 12115:2021 for chemical transfer hoses, with electrical continuity and surface resistivity verified under EN 13483:2013 or ISO 8031:2020 methods depending on the end market and static dissipation requirement. The liner is specified as a hydrocarbon barrier and static dissipation layer, requiring surface resistivity below 10⁶ Ω/sq at 25°C and 50% RH. The formulation contains 100 parts by mass L 20 EC, 2.0 wt% to 3.0 wt% conductive carbon black, 0.5 wt% amide wax for melt lubrication, and 0.3 wt% antioxidant. Carbon black loading above 3.5 wt% increases melt viscosity and can initiate micro-cracking at the liner-to-rubber interface during flex cycling. Downstream production is performed by crosshead extrusion of the liner over a mandrel or coextrusion over a textile tie layer, with melt temperature 235°C ± 3°C, wall thickness 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm, and in-line ultrasonic thickness monitoring. After liner formation, textile braiding and an outer rubber cover are applied; the vulcanization step is kept at a thermal boundary below 150°C for the nylon liner or a thermal insulating interlayer is inserted to prevent post-crystallization distortion and loss of burst resistance. Terminal finished product types include composite hoses for tank truck fuel delivery, solvent transfer lines, oily water transfer hoses, and low-temperature suction/discharge assemblies used in petrochemical logistics.
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Grilamid L 20 EC is an unfilled polyamide 12 homopolymer supplied by EMS-Grivory for extrusion and coating operations where the lower equilibrium moisture uptake of the PA12 backbone is required. The Conditioned state is not a separate resin chemistry but a defined moisture-equilibrated condition, usually obtained at 23 °C/50 % RH or through accelerated conditioning according to ISO 1110. For unfilled PA12, moisture absorption at 23 °C/50 % RH is conventionally reported in the 0.6 %–0.8 % range, and saturation in water at 23 °C according to ISO 62 is commonly cited at 1.4 %–1.6 %. The resulting water plasticisation lowers glass-transition response and tensile modulus, while increasing notched impact toughness and elongation at break. Design calculations that use only dry-as-moulded data therefore overstate stiffness and understate ductility for parts operating in atmospheric humidity. The processing parameter set is tied to unfilled, medium-viscosity polyamide 12; melt temperature, moisture content, and screw geometry must be controlled within the boundaries described below.
The grade classification is assigned under ISO 1043-1 as PA12 and under ISO 1874-1 by a data block that records viscosity number, tensile modulus at 23 °C, and impact designation after conditioning. The exact data block must be read from the delivered lot certificate because the Conditioned designation alone does not supersede lot-specific rheology. No glass-fibre or mineral reinforcement is present, which distinguishes the grade from structural PA12 compounds used in automotive clips and pump housings.
For unfilled medium-viscosity PA12, the dry-as-moulded tensile modulus typically sits in the 1300–1600 MPa band when tested to ISO 527-1/-2 at 23 °C. After equilibrium moisture uptake at 50 % RH, published values for this general class move to approximately 900–1100 MPa. The drop is not an indication of degradation; it is reversible when the material is redried. Charpy notched impact toughness measured to ISO 179-1/1eA commonly rises from a dry-as-moulded interval of 4–6 kJ/m² to a conditioned interval of 10–18 kJ/m² for unfilled PA12, although the exact increment is lot-specific and must be confirmed on the delivered material. Elongation at break tested to ISO 527-1/-2 generally increases after conditioning, whereas yield stress decreases. This balance is critical for snap-fit, tube-bending, and cold-impact applications: the conditioned component is more ductile but less stiff, so wall deflections under load increase. For parts with close-tolerance dimensional requirements, moisture-induced volume change must be estimated from the moisture expansion coefficient, not from total mass uptake alone.
The glass transition measured by ISO 11357-2 shifts to lower values in the conditioned state; however, the main melting point remains near 174–180 °C by ISO 11357-3. Conditioning also influences dynamic mechanical properties: the storage modulus at sub-ambient temperature is less affected than the modulus above 0 °C, where water disrupts hydrogen bonding in the amorphous regions. This temperature-dependent shift must be considered in multi-material assemblies such as metal-to-PA12 tubing connectors, where a conditioned polymer can relax against an inserted metal insert at room temperature but recover stiffness below 0 °C.
Moisture-induced swell is anisotropic in extruded tube and coating because of molecular orientation. In extruded PA12, the hoop direction can show greater dimensional change than the axial direction after humidity cycling. Tooling and calibration must therefore account for post-shrinkage and moisture expansion separately. Dimensional change is measured after conditioning to equilibrium per ISO 1110 or after water immersion per ISO 62. Semicrystalline PA12 with an unfilled composition has lower mould shrinkage than high-crystallinity PA66; the actual shrinkage for extrusion coating depends on draw ratio and cooling rate and cannot be transferred directly from injection-moulding datasets.
Moisture must be removed before melt processing because residual water hydrolyses the amide linkage and reduces molecular weight, producing surface roughness, melt-pressure fluctuation, and tensile-strength loss. Drying is performed in a desiccant dryer at 80 °C until the pellet moisture content is below 0.10 %. For cold-origin material, 4–6 h is a common start point, but humid plant conditions above 60 % RH require longer residence or higher airflow. The dryer dew point should be held at -30 °C or lower. Hopper residence time should not exceed 24 h at these temperatures to avoid surface oxidation.
Single-screw extruders with a screw length-to-diameter ratio of 24:1–30:1 and a three-zone screw with a compression ratio of 2.5:1–3.0:1 are sufficient for tube and sheath extrusion. Barrier screws with a mixing section can be used if throughput stability is poor. Barrel set points from feed to metering are commonly profiled as 220 °C, 230 °C, 235 °C, and 240 °C; head and die temperatures are held at 240 °C–250 °C. Melt temperature measured at the die exit should remain within 230 °C–250 °C for most coating processes. If the melt temperature exceeds 260 °C for more than 10 min residence time, thermal degradation is accelerated, and black specks or gel formation can appear. Low-speed operations may require reducing the rear zone temperature to avoid over-shearing.
In extrusion coating of wire or tube, melt draw-down is influenced by die gap, line speed, and vacuum calibration. A crosshead die with a land length of 10–15 × the die gap provides backpressure and improves weld-line homogeneity. Water-bath temperature should be maintained below 40 °C immediately after the die to freeze the outer skin; higher bath temperatures can cause sagging and ovality. Vacuum sizing is preferred over pressure sizing for close tolerances; a vacuum level of -0.2 to -0.6 bar may be needed depending on diameter and wall thickness. These values are equipment-specific and must be tuned on the production line.
Production-scale failure modes observed on extrusion coating lines include melt-pressure oscillation caused by feed-throat pellet bridging, die freeze-off when the die temperature falls below 220 °C, and surface sharkskin when line speed is too high relative to melt temperature. The solution is not to increase die temperature alone; the rear barrel temperature and screw speed must be rebalanced so that the melt exits at a uniform 230 °C–250 °C. For tube diameters below 10 mm, vacuum calibration at -0.2 to -0.6 bar is typically used, but the exact vacuum must be tuned to die swell and melt strength.
Conditioned PA12 has been evaluated in automotive pneumatic and hydraulic tubing because its lower moisture absorption relative to short-chain polyamides limits the change in burst strength after exposure to humid air. Long-term hydrostatic strength is assessed according to ISO 1167 or ASTM D1598; multi-layer constructions may be tested to SAE J844 for pneumatic lines. The increase in ductility after conditioning reduces the risk of brittle fracture during cold bending at -30 °C, but the same conditioning lowers tensile modulus and increases diametral expansion under pressure. For pressure-rated components, the minimum wall thickness must therefore be calculated using conditioned modulus and creep-rupture data, not the dry-as-moulded tensile curve. Published data for this specific EC configuration in long-term hot-air aging above 120 °C is limited; continuous service above that threshold requires additional heat-stabilized grades or validation.
In cable sheathing, the extrusion coating grade is processed on 30:1 L/D single-screw lines with crosshead tooling; conditioned abrasion resistance is evaluated after environmental exposure to 23 °C/50 % RH for 168 h or as specified by the cable standard. Because PA12 absorbs less moisture than PA6, electrical insulation resistance changes less in humid service; however, the material is not suitable for direct replacement of crosslinked polyethylene in high-voltage insulation without relevant certifications.
PA12 differs from PA6 and PA66 principally in the amide group concentration per backbone length. At 23 °C/50 % RH, unfilled PA6 absorbs roughly 2.5 %–3.0 % moisture and unfilled PA66 2.0 %–2.5 %, compared with 0.6 %–0.8 % for PA12. At water saturation, the difference increases: PA6 typically reaches 9.0 %–10.0 %, PA66 8.0 %–9.0 %, and PA12 1.4 %–1.6 %.
| Material class | Water absorption at 23 °C/50 % RH | Water absorption at saturation 23 °C | Density | Conditioning effect on tensile modulus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unfilled PA12 | 0.6–0.8 % | 1.4–1.6 % | 1.01–1.02 g/cm³ | Moderate reduction |
| Unfilled PA6 | 2.5–3.0 % | 9.0–10.0 % | 1.13–1.14 g/cm³ | Pronounced reduction |
| Unfilled PA66 | 2.0–2.5 % | 8.0–9.0 % | 1.13–1.14 g/cm³ | Pronounced reduction |
Values in the table are typical published ranges for unfilled homopolymer classes; grade-specific certificates govern. The consequence is not limited to swelling. Lower water uptake preserves a larger fraction of dry modulus in humid service, but PA12 also shifts the brittle–ductile transition to lower temperature in Charpy notched screening. These differences do not make PA12 a universal replacement for short-chain polyamides; PA6 and PA66 provide higher dry-as-moulded strength and heat resistance, so substitution requires a moisture-conditioned mechanical comparison rather than a single-property comparison.
Reinforced PA12 grades containing glass fibre raise tensile modulus above 3000 MPa but sacrifice elongation at break and increase melt wear on screws and barrels. The EC grade is not a structural compound and must not be substituted into glass-filled applications without re-validation of tensile modulus, creep, and impact at the service temperature. Heat-stabilized variants add antioxidant packages and are evaluated by retention of tensile strength after air oven aging per ISO 188; the base EC grade should be considered for service below 100 °C unless otherwise validated.
No direct comparison to PA11 or polyether block amide is possible without fixing the hardness and flexibility target. PA11 absorbs moisture in a similar range, but melting temperature is typically 185–190 °C by ISO 11357-3, placing its melt-processing window higher than that of PA12. The EC grade therefore requires lower barrel settings for the same melt stability, but the lower melting point reduces the temperature margin for intermittent contact with high-temperature metal surfaces. Plasticised PA12 grades exhibit lower conditioned flexural modulus than the EC grade, but plasticiser migration under heat and oil exposure can cause hardening and shrinkage. The EC grade’s absence of monomeric plasticiser makes its property shift more dependent on moisture uptake than on extraction loss.
Operational boundaries include storage below 50 °C and 60 % RH in sealed containers; opened packaging should be re-dried after exposure. Avoid melt blending with strongly basic or amine-containing masterbatches without compatibility testing; such additives can induce yellowing and molecular-weight changes in polyamide melts. At prolonged exposure above 100 °C in air, antioxidant depletion controls service life, and elongation retention after 1000 h at 140 °C should be measured before specification. Published data for this specific EC configuration in hot-air aging above that window is limited, and the material must not be used for pressure-bearing components without creep-rupture validation according to ISO 1167 or the relevant component standard.
