| HS Code | 120393 |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption 24h | 0.2% |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Tensile Strength | 50 MPa |
| Tensile Modulus | 1700 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | >50% |
| Flexural Modulus | 1400 MPa |
| Charpy Impact Strength 23 C | No break |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength 23 C | 11 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Notched Impact Strength 30 C | 6 kJ/m² |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 1 8 Mpa | 50 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature 0 45 Mpa | 120 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 170 °C |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 16 LM Nylon 12, Dry factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 25 kg sealed moisture-proof bags of dry Grilamid L 16 LM nylon 12 granules, protected for safe storage and transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20-foot FCL of EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 16 LM nylon 12, dry, packed in bags on pallets, ready for shipment. |
| Shipping | EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 16 LM Nylon 12, Dry ships as a non-hazardous thermoplastic granulate. It is packed in moisture-proof sealed bags or drums to prevent water absorption. Transport in clean, dry containers at ambient temperature; protect from direct sunlight, humidity, and physical damage during handling. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid L 16 LM in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Protect from moisture, as nylon 12 absorbs humidity; use a desiccant if needed. Maintain moderate temperatures and low humidity. Keep containers upright and undamaged to preserve properties and prevent contamination until use. |
| Shelf Life | Store in original sealed container in a cool, dry place. Shelf life is approximately two years from production date. |
For automotive air brake and hydraulic control tubing, Grilamid L 16 LM Nylon 12, Dry is compounded and extruded as monolayer tube stock or as the internal barrier layer in coextruded multi-layer constructions on a single-screw extruder with 30:1 to 33:1 L/D and a grooved intake section. Before extrusion, pellets are dried in a desiccant hopper at 80°C for 4–6 h to a moisture level no greater than 0.10%; melt temperature is controlled from 225°C to 245°C, and die head pressure is limited to 8–15 MPa to reduce melt fracture at line speeds between 40 m/min and 80 m/min. The formulation uses 100 parts by mass of dry virgin PA12, 2.0–4.0 wt% carbon black masterbatch for UV and thermal-oxidative stability, and 0.5–1.5 wt% hindered-phenol heat stabilizer masterbatch; because the LM lubricating package is specified, additional external lubricant is usually omitted, but if unpelletized regrind exceeds 30 wt%, 0.2–0.5 wt% ethylene bisstearamide wax may be introduced only after surface finish validation. Downstream production includes vacuum sizing at −0.02 MPa to −0.06 MPa, a two-stage cooling bath held at 15–30°C, in-line diameter and wall-thickness gauges maintaining concentricity within ±0.03 mm, and final coil winding with residual tension no greater than 1.5% elongation. Compliance is assessed under SAE J844 for air brake tubing, ISO 7628:2010 for road-vehicle thermoplastic air brake line performance, and DIN 74324-1 where German OEM supply conditions apply; cold-impact tests under the applicable standard expose specimens at −40°C and require no visible crack or fragment release. Terminal finished product types include coil-stable compressed air brake lines, hydraulic clutch actuator tubes, fuel vapor purge lines, and pneumatic suspension control tubes. The main processing limitation is moisture regain after dry-blending: at ambient relative humidity above 60%, opened containers should be returned to desiccant storage within 4 h, and hopper residence time should not exceed 6 h unless a closed-loop dryer is active.
Thin-wall medical catheter shafts based on Grilamid L 16 LM Nylon 12, Dry are extruded as unfilled or barium sulfate-filled compounds on a small-diameter single-screw extruder with 20:1 to 25:1 L/D and a melt gear pump; the pump damps pressure pulses that otherwise translate into periodic lumen collapse in multi-lumen tooling. A radiopaque shaft formulation contains 100 parts by mass of dry PA12, 20–30 wt% barium sulfate with a median particle size below 5 μm, and 0.5–1.0 wt% processing stabilizer; color concentrate is limited to 0.5 wt% to prevent surface roughness and lumen-tear defects. For non-radiopaque lumens, neat PA12 is used without particulate filler because the melt strength at 230–245°C is sufficient for multi-lumen vacuum calibration. Barrel temperatures are profiled from 210°C at the rear zone to 245°C at the die; internal lumen air pressure is held at 0.005–0.020 MPa depending on lumen diameter, and the quench bath temperature is maintained at 10–25°C to freeze the outer diameter before vacuum calibration. Ovality is controlled by in-line laser gauges with closed-loop puller ratio adjustment; acceptable ovality for catheter shaft segments is normally ≤0.05 mm. Terminal downstream product types include intravascular catheter shafts, ureteral access sheaths, delivery catheter body segments, and diagnostic catheter support tubes. Biocompatibility is managed under ISO 10993-1:2018 Clause 4.1 biological evaluation planning, with final-device testing following USP Class VI protocols and manufacturing controlled under ISO 13485:2016 Clause 7.5.2 process validation. Resin-level certification is not a substitute for finished-device cytotoxicity, hemocompatibility, or pyrogen testing; silicone-free production zones are required because PDMS contamination from general molding areas can reduce bondability of PA12 catheter shafts and cause bond failure at hub joints.
In offshore flexible riser production, pressure sheath extrusion with Grilamid L 16 LM Nylon 12, Dry is a high-backpressure operation in which the PA12 melt is applied directly over an interlocked steel carcass on a rotating crosshead die. Offshore qualification is anchored to API 17J and ISO 13628-2, with supplementary rapid gas decompression screening under API 17TR2 and sour-service compatibility verification where required through NORSOK M-710; tensile and elongation measurements are performed according to ISO 527-2, and moisture content before extrusion is confirmed by ISO 15512 to remain below 0.10%. The sheath formulation uses 100 parts by mass of dry PA12, 2.0–3.5 wt% carbon black masterbatch to stabilize morphology, and 0.5–1.0 wt% hindered phenolic stabilizer masterbatch; plasticizers are not added because low molecular weight fractions migrate into transported gas or crude oil and compromise rapid gas decompression resistance. Processing is carried out on a single-screw extruder with 30:1 L/D and barrier flighting, with melt temperature controlled from 210°C to 240°C; screw speed is limited to prevent adiabatic overshoot above 250°C, at which point PA12 begins to gel and produce visible inclusions in the pressure sheath. Downstream handling includes a long cooling track to reduce residual stress, in-line wall-thickness scanning, and high-voltage holiday testing at 10–30 kV depending on wall thickness; dimensional tolerance along a 10 m joint is normally held within ±0.5 mm. Terminal finished product types include unbonded flexible riser pressure sheaths, subsea flowline layers, and offshore jumper tubulars. Published data for this specific low-to-mid-viscosity grade used as a thick-walled offshore pressure sheath is limited; each lot must be re-qualified after screw replacement, masterbatch change, or any processing deviation beyond the qualified melt-temperature window.
Railway power and signal cable jackets produced from Grilamid L 16 LM Nylon 12, Dry are applied to insulated cores on a sheathing line with a 25:1 L/D single-screw extruder and pressure tooling; conductor preheat is set to 60–90°C to control polymer-to-conductor adhesion and avoid interface condensation. The compound contains 100 parts by mass of dry PA12, 2.0–4.0 wt% carbon black masterbatch, and 0.5–1.2 wt% antioxidant masterbatch; when the cable must achieve the tighter hazard level HL2 under EN 45545-2:2020, the complete cable assembly is tested because insulation, bedding, and geometric wall thickness influence flame spread and smoke density more than the jacket resin alone. Halogen-acid gas evolution is assessed by IEC 60754-1, smoke density by IEC 61034-2, and low-temperature cable performance according to EN 50264-1; North American transit projects alternatively reference NFPA 130. Melt temperature during sheathing is held at 220–245°C, with a water bath temperature of 20–40°C; if bath temperature drops below 15°C, gloss and surface tension increase through rapid quenching, and if it exceeds 40°C, jacket ovality can occur on vertical cable drops. Terminal finished product types include rolling stock jumper cables, signal and control cables, and transit car roof conduit assemblies. PA12 sheathing does not generate halogen acid gas, but this property alone does not guarantee compliance with cable-level fire tests; full-scale bundle testing under the selected standard is required before production release.
When industrial pneumatic lines are extruded from Grilamid L 16 LM Nylon 12, Dry, production is carried out on a standard single-screw tube line with 24:1 to 30:1 L/D, vacuum sizing, and laser diameter gauges. The addition ratio for general industrial air-line stock is 100 parts dry PA12, 1.5–3.0 wt% carbon black masterbatch for UV stability, and 0.3–0.8 wt% processing stabilizer where offline regrind exceeds 20%. Melt temperature is maintained between 215°C and 235°C to preserve molecular weight for push-in fitting retention; for 8 mm outer diameter tubing, line speeds of 40–60 m/min are typical, but above 60 m/min internal air pressure must be raised to prevent wall-thickness oscillation. Compliance is commonly verified to ISO 14743:2020 for push-in thermoplastic tubing and fitting performance, and ISO 4414:2010 for pneumatic system safety; chemical compatibility with compressor oils and light hydrocarbon mists must be confirmed by the end user because no single PA12 compatibility matrix covers all oil additives. Terminal product forms include push-in pneumatic tubing, coiled air lines, spiral hose guards, and cable wear sleeves. Pre-drying at 80°C for 3–5 h is required before extrusion; once the hopper is open, production runs exceeding 6 h under ambient relative humidity above 55% require a desiccant hopper rather than a hot-air dryer to avoid hydrolysis-induced melt index drift.
Injection-molded chemical-plant fasteners and support elements from Grilamid L 16 LM Nylon 12, Dry are molded on screw-reciprocating machines with 18:1 to 22:1 L/D, a shut-off nozzle, and a mold temperature of 40–80°C. The compound for maximum stress-crack resistance is based on 100 parts by mass of dry PA12, 1.5–3.0 wt% carbon black masterbatch for weathering and static-dissipation control, and 0.3–0.6 wt% nucleating masterbatch when fast-cycle production is required; glass fiber reinforcement is generally avoided in chlorinated process environments because exposed fiber ends form wicking paths that accelerate localized corrosion and blistering. Barrel temperatures are profiled from 230°C to 260°C, injection pressure is limited to 80–120 MPa, and hold pressure is maintained until gate freeze; pack-and-hold time is set by short-shot studies to eliminate sink marks around threaded inserts. Compliance for electrical installation fasteners is tested to IEC 62275:2018 for cable ties and fixings, while chemical resistance is screened by immersion testing according to ISO 175:2010 against the specific process fluids present in the plant. Terminal finished product types include corrosion-resistant cable ties, pipe clamps, valve lockout tags, and cable tray fixing clips. Molders must avoid mixing with PA6 or PA66 regrind because PA12’s lower processing temperature leaves unmelted PA66 inclusions at ≥240°C, producing surface pitting and unpredictable gate-seal behavior; maximum moisture before molding is 0.10%, and a desiccant dryer is required at ambient relative humidity above 50%.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid L 16 LM Nylon 12, Dry is an unreinforced polyamide 12 injection-moulding grade supplied as a low-viscosity feedstock in a dry-as-moulded condition. The grade code L 16 LM is a supplier-specific designation; the 16 segment identifies the viscosity class within the Grilamid L range, and LM denotes the lubricated or low-moisture modification according to the current EMS-Grivory nomenclature. The suffix Dry indicates that the mechanical and rheological data reported in the datasheet have been generated on specimens whose moisture content was below the supplier’s specified dry-moulding threshold for semicrystalline polyamide 12, commonly 0.10 wt% or lower. It does not indicate that the resin is permanently moisture-stable after opening the packaging. The base polymer is polyamide 12, described in ISO 1043-1 as PA12 with an aliphatic undecamethylene sequence between amide groups, which gives the material a comparatively low density near 1.01 g/cm³ under ISO 1183-1 and lower saturation moisture uptake than PA6 or PA66. Industrial use of this material concentrates in electrical connectors, clips, fasteners, cable management components, and thin-wall housings where melt viscosity, ejection efficiency, and weld-line filling are controlling variables. The grade should not be selected solely from nominal property tables; lot-specific certificates and processing bulletins from EMS-Grivory must be checked because dry-state values shift after conditioning at 23 °C and 50 % RH.
Processing of Grilamid L 16 LM begins with closed-loop desiccant drying because polyamide 12 reaches equilibrium moisture rapidly at relative humidity above 35 % RH. Production-scale dryers are typically configured with a dew point at or below −30 °C, a drying temperature of 80 °C, and a residence time between 4 h and 8 h. For throughputs above 25 kg/h, air-flow capacity of at least 1.8 m³/h per 1 kg/h of polymer is often maintained to avoid hopper maldistribution. If the resin enters the barrel above 0.12 wt% moisture, visible splay and localised viscosity loss can occur, particularly in thin sections below 0.8 mm. A three-zone general-purpose screw with L/D 20–25 and compression ratio 2.2–2.8:1 is suitable for unreinforced PA12; deeper feed channels reduce shear heating, which is relevant for a low-viscosity grade. Barrel profiles commonly run from 230 °C in the feed zone to 250 °C at the nozzle, with a maximum melt temperature of 270 °C. Residence time should not exceed 10 min at melt temperature; longer residence times can produce yellowing and a loss of impact retention. Screw recovery speed is normally limited to 100–200 rpm depending on screw diameter, because high back pressure above 0.8 MPa can overheat the melt and reduce molecular weight.
A comparative data set for dry-state property differentiation is shown below. The values are class-typical published ranges for PA12, PA6, and PA66 under the cited standards; they are not guaranteed EMS-Grivory lot-specific values for L 16 LM, and current supplier certificates take precedence for design calculations.
| Property | Test method | PA12: Grilamid L 16 LM class | PA6 general | PA66 general |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.01 g/cm³ | 1.14 g/cm³ | 1.14 g/cm³ |
| Water absorption at saturation | ISO 62 | 1.5 wt% | 9.5 wt% | 8.5 wt% |
| Tensile modulus, dry | ISO 527-1/-2 | 1.1–1.6 GPa | 2.8–3.2 GPa | 2.9–3.3 GPa |
| Tensile stress at yield, dry | ISO 527-1/-2 | 35–45 MPa | 70–80 MPa | 80–90 MPa |
| Notched Izod impact at 23 °C | ISO 180/A | 7–13 kJ/m² | 5–8 kJ/m² | 5–10 kJ/m² |
| Melting peak | ISO 11357-3 | 178 °C | 220 °C | 260 °C |
| Heat distortion temperature, 1.8 MPa | ISO 75-1/-2 | 50–60 °C | 65–75 °C | 70–80 °C |
Because PA12 absorbs roughly one-sixth of the saturation moisture of PA6, the dimensional change in humid service is lower for Grilamid L 16 LM than for short-chain aliphatic polyamides. That benefit is offset by lower dry-state tensile modulus and lower heat distortion temperature. If the design requires flexural rigidity above 2.5 GPa, unreinforced PA12 is not appropriate; a glass-fibre reinforced PA12, PA6, or semi-aromatic polyamide should be evaluated instead. The low viscosity of L 16 LM reduces injection pressure and enables longer flow paths, but it also lowers melt strength and increases sensitivity to flash at mould parting-line gaps above 0.03 mm.
Injection moulding trials on thin-wall tools for L 16 LM typically use mould temperatures of 40–80 °C, with the upper half of that range applied when dimensional stability is required. Gate diameter for unreinforced PA12 should not fall below 0.8 mm in edge-gated connectors, and flow-length-to-wall-thickness ratios above 150:1 can be achieved only with fast injection speeds and adequate venting. Vent depths of 0.01–0.02 mm are used on PA12 tools because deeper vents encourage flash at low viscosity. For a projected cavity area of 400 cm² and a cavity pressure near 30 MPa, the calculated clamp force requirement is approximately 1200 kN before safety factors; multicavity tools for connectors often require machines in the 1200–2000 kN class. Hold pressure is normally set between 60 % and 80 % of injection peak pressure, and gate freeze time should be established by part-weight stabilisation rather than by fixed timer. Sink marks in bosses and snap-fit arms can be reduced by using coring ratios below 1.0:2.5 diameter-to-wall thickness, but the lower modulus of PA12 still requires larger cross-sections than PA6 in load-bearing snap-fit geometries.
Unlabelled application data for this grade indicate that dry-as-moulded parts are used where low-temperature ductility is required. Under ISO 179-1/1eU, PA12 often shows no break at 23 °C and retains significant ductility down to −40 °C, which is why the material replaces PA6/PA66 in cable ties and automotive clips that are assembled in cold environments. However, published data for this specific dry low-viscosity configuration is limited; each application must be validated by in-house testing under ISO 527-1/-2 and ISO 180/A using the actual moulded-wall thickness and gate location.
Published tensile modulus for dry PA12 is not suitable for long-term deflection calculations. After conditioning to equilibrium at 23 °C and 50 % RH, the modulus of unreinforced PA12 typically decreases by 20–30 % relative to dry values, and yield stress also falls while elongation increases. Designers using snap-fit calculations should therefore apply the conditioned value, not the dry-state datasheet value, when calculating permissible strain. The moisture sensitivity of PA12 is lower than that of PA6 and PA66 in absolute terms, but it is not zero. If the part must maintain a tight dimensional tolerance across humidity, post-moulding conditioning or annealing near 110–130 °C may be required to stabilise crystallinity and reduce later shrinkage. Annealing also lowers impact resistance if performed too aggressively; therefore, thermal cycle acceptance should be established under ISO 1110 and ISO 291 conditioning procedures before lot production begins.
Chemical resistance testing of PA12 under ISO 175 shows that the material is generally resistant to aliphatic hydrocarbons, mineral oils, greases, and many alkaline solutions at room temperature. PA12 is often preferred over PA6 and PA66 in automotive fluid-contact components because of its resistance to zinc chloride salt solutions, which can stress-crack short-chain polyamides. Nevertheless, continuous immersion in hot methanol or ethanol can cause swelling and measurable loss of tensile properties; compatibility must be confirmed at the actual concentration and temperature. Strong oxidising acids, phenol, and concentrated formic acid are not acceptable service environments for unreinforced PA12. For fuel-vapour or oil-contact parts, published data for this specific low-viscosity grade may be limited, and prototype testing under ISO 175 with the actual fluid mixture is required.
Regulatory documentation should be collected from the supplier for each production lot. A generic PA12 designation does not automatically confer food-contact compliance; if the finished article is intended for contact with food, the specific grade, colour masterbatch, and processing aids must be evaluated under EU Regulation (EC) No 10/2011 and FDA 21 CFR 177.1500. For industrial goods, the supplier safety data sheet should be checked for REACH Article 33 communication of substances of very high concern above 0.1 wt% in the article. RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU does not generally restrict polyamide 12 as a base resin, but lead, cadmium, mercury, and hexavalent chromium thresholds of 1000 ppm or 100 ppm depending on the element can be affected by pigments or additives and must be verified on the final moulded part.
