| HS Code | 551607 |
| Glass Fiber Content | 25% |
| Tensile Modulus | 7000 MPa (dry) |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 120 MPa (dry) |
| Elongation At Break | 3% (dry) |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched | 10 kJ/m² (23°C, dry) |
| Charpy Impact Strength Unnotched | 60 kJ/m² (23°C, dry) |
| Water Absorption At Saturation | 1.2% |
| Water Absorption At Equilibrium 50 Rh | 0.7% |
As an accredited EMS-Grivory Grilamid® 2D 25 H HM black 9992 PA12 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | EMS-Grivory Grilamid® 2D 25 H HM black 9992 PA12 is supplied in moisture-resistant, sealed 25 kg bags. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: Grilamid PA12 (black 9992) loaded as palletized 25-kg bags, shrink-wrapped and secured for safe transit. |
| Shipping | Grilamid® 2D 25 H HM black 9992 is a PA12 granulate, non-hazardous under transport regulations. Ship in sealed, moisture-proof packaging to prevent absorption. Store upright in dry conditions, avoiding heat or prolonged sunlight. Standard ground or air freight is acceptable. Include handling documentation and ensure pellets remain clean and contamination-free. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid® 2D 25 H HM black 9992 (PA12) in its original, unopened packaging in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Protect from moisture, direct sunlight, and heat sources. Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use to prevent moisture absorption. Under these conditions, shelf life is typically several years. |
| Shelf Life | Store unopened in original packaging, dry and cool, away from sunlight. Shelf life is approximately 2 years. |
In compressed-air braking circuits of heavy trucks and trailers, EMS-Grivory Grilamid® 2D 25 H HM black 9992 PA12 is processed as the principal polymeric wall material in single-layer polyamide tubing. The relevant specifications are SAE J844 and ISO 7628; destructive lot testing typically includes tensile strength by ISO 527-2, burst-pressure retention after thermal ageing, dimensional stability after exposure to commercial zinc chloride road de-icing brine, and low-temperature impact resistance after conditioning at -40°C. In compounding terms, the grade is metered into the extruder at 100 parts by mass as virgin resin, while clean internally reground start-up tubing may be returned at up to 20 parts by mass, provided the regrind is dried below 0.10 wt% moisture and screened through a 120-mesh filter pack. No polymeric diluents or plasticizer masterbatch are added in this tubing class because hardness and burst retention shift outside the required window at addition levels above 5 phr. The extrusion line for 8 mm to 16 mm outside-diameter air brake tube is configured with a single-screw extruder of 30:1 L/D, a vacuum vent, a static mixing head, and a vacuum calibration tank operated at water temperatures of 15°C to 20°C. Melt temperatures are maintained between 240°C and 255°C; excursions above 260°C generate surface pitting and blistering at the die exit because residual moisture converts to steam inside the calibration sleeve. Terminal products include primary and secondary air brake circuits, trailer coil assemblies, suspension levelling valve lines, and bus kneeling-system air supply lines. The operational boundary is continuous air temperature below 60°C with transient exposure not exceeding 90°C; published data for the specific configuration is limited at higher PA12 metal-contact temperatures.
Industrial pneumatic control lines manufactured from the same PA12 grade are used where polyurethane lacks dimensional stability and nylon 6 drifts in wet compressed air. The governing standards are ISO 4414 for pneumatic fluid power safety and ISO 14743 for push-in fittings on thermoplastic tubes. Formulation addition is normally 100 parts by mass of the supplied black compound, with up to 15 parts by mass of clean post-industrial scrap from the same lot reintroduced only after desiccant drying at 80°C to 0.08 wt% or lower. Rheological lot acceptance is performed by melt volume-flow rate according to ISO 1133-1:2022 at 230°C and 2.16 kg load. The extrusion process uses a vacuum-calibrated sizing sleeve with a draw ratio of 1.05 to 1.15, melt temperature of 230°C to 250°C, and a two-stage water bath; the first stage is held at 60°C to slow crystallisation, and the second at 20°C to set final outside diameter. A critical failure mode on production-scale lines is progressive ovality when the vacuum level exceeds 0.05 MPa before the tube skin has cooled below the PA12 crystallisation onset, so vacuum must be ramped over the first 2 m of the calibration bath. Terminal components include 4 mm to 12 mm outside-diameter push-to-connect tubing for robotic effector air circuits, manifold-to-valve jumpers, and multi-tube pneumatic bundles inside machine-tool cable chains. Continuous service with phosphate ester hydraulic fluid or strong mineral acids is outside the grade’s long-term operating envelope.
During secondary buffering of single-mode optical fibre, the low moisture regain of PA12 is used to minimise tube swelling and loss of fibre excess length after cable gel filling. The governing test framework for loose-tube cables is IEC 60794-1, with Telcordia GR-20-CORE applied where North American outside-plant qualification is required. In this application, the grade is most often run as received without additional polymer blending; colour masterbatch may be introduced at 2 to 4 parts by mass only when the cable design requires colour-coded buffer tubes, and masterbatch carriers must be PA12-based to maintain melt homogeneity at the die lip. The secondary buffering line is configured with a 24:1 L/D or 30:1 L/D single-screw extruder with a gear pump, screen packs at 200/400/600 mesh, and a 1.2 mm to 2.1 mm die set. Melt temperature is held at 230°C to 245°C, while the water trough is maintained at 40°C and positioned to allow an air gap of 50 mm to 120 mm for controlled crystallisation before quench. Line speeds of 150 m/min to 500 m/min are typical for thin-wall buffer tubes, with rotational die compensation or fibre tension control used to manage residual helix. Terminal products are loose-tube buffer tubes, central-bundle cables, stranded loose-tube cables, and microduct fibre units for blown installation. The material is not recommended for buffer tubes intended for continuous submersion in hot alkaline cable cleaning baths above 80°C.
In gasoline evaporative emission circuits, the PA12 grade is used as an outer protective layer in coextruded multilayer fuel tubing because it contributes low-temperature impact strength and resistance to splash from calcium chloride road de-icing agents. The governing documents are SAE J2260 for nonmetallic fuel system tubing and SAE J2044 for connection interfaces. Wall construction is specified by thickness ratio rather than by melt-compounded addition: a five-layer structure places the PA12 outer layer at 45 to 65 parts per hundred of wall thickness, an EVOH barrier at 2 to 5 parts, maleic anhydride-grafted tie layers at 5 to 8 parts, and a conductive PA12 or fluoropolymer inner layer at 20 to 30 parts. Coextrusion is executed on a 5-extruder line with a spiral mandrel die, PA12 outer-layer melt temperature of 235°C to 250°C, EVOH melt temperature of 210°C to 225°C, and calibration vacuum of 0.04 MPa to 0.08 MPa; interlayer adhesion is verified by peel testing according to ASTM D1876 or purchaser-defined 90-degree peel fixtures. Terminal products are vapour-recovery lines, fuel tank vent lines, canister purge lines, and liquid fuel return lines with continuous service temperature limited to 95°C for the PA12 layer. The grade is not specified as the hydrocarbon barrier itself; if the EVOH layer is interrupted or the tie layer is starved during coextrusion, permeation rises sharply and no downstream compensation recovers the SAE J2260 rating.
Flexible corrugated conduit for machine-tool cable management is extruded in black from the same heat-stabilised PA12 when the harness is routed through oil-mist chambers and swarf-laden channels. The product is normally qualified against IEC 61386-1 for conduit systems, with supplementary impact testing at -25°C where the machinery builder requires cold-start cable movement. The compound is fed as 100 parts by mass virgin granules; clean production purging may be reintroduced at a maximum of 15 parts by mass, while post-consumer regrind is excluded to avoid unpredictable surface quality after laser marking. Process settings on a vacuum corrugator are melt temperature 230°C to 245°C, mould-block vacuum differential 0.06 MPa to 0.10 MPa, and internal forming air pressure 0.02 MPa to 0.04 MPa; line speed is adjusted from 3 m/min to 15 m/min according to internal diameter. Terminal products include cable guides for linear axes, tool-tray conduit, robotic dress-pack sleeves, and static machine-trunking connectors. The black 9992 formulation provides carbon-black UV stabilisation, but continuous outdoor exposure in high-ozone coastal atmospheres should be confirmed by xenon-arc ageing per ISO 4892-2 before multi-year warranty cycles are assigned to the harness assembly.
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EMS-Grivory Grilamid® 2D 25 H HM black 9992 is a heat-stabilized, high-viscosity polyamide 12 (PA12) supplied as carbon-black-pigmented granulate. The grade designation 25 indicates the relative viscosity class, H identifies the heat-stabilization package, and HM refers to a high-molecular-mass modification used to raise melt strength for extrusion blow-moulding, large-diameter tube production, and multi-layer coextrusion. Under ISO 1183-1:2019, the dry-state density is 1.01 g/cm³; saturation water absorption according to ISO 62:2008 is 0.7 mass %. The product is therefore specified where PA12’s low moisture uptake, zinc chloride stress-crack resistance, low-temperature ductility, and dimensional stability in humid service are required, but standard low-viscosity PA12 injection grades do not provide sufficient melt stiffness.
PA12 has one amide group per twelve methylene units. This structure accounts for the 0.7 mass % saturation water uptake and the relatively small mechanical-property shift after humid exposure. PA6 saturates near 9–10 mass % under the same ISO 62:2008 test, so PA12 is preferred for conduits and tubing that must maintain dimensional and dielectric stability across wet-dry cycles. Black 9992 is a carbon-black pigment designation; carbon black contributes ultraviolet screening, but screening effectiveness depends on dispersion quality, primary particle size, and loading controlled during compounding.
The viscosity class 25 corresponds to a high-chain-length polyamide. High-viscosity PA12 grades in this class typically show melt volume-flow rates below 10 cm³/10 min at 275 °C under 5 kg load when tested to ISO 1133-1:2022. The H package suppresses thermal-oxidative chain scission during melt processing and hot-air service. The HM modification extends the high-molecular-weight tail, increases die swell, improves parison hang-time before sag, raises pinch-off seam strength, and improves slow-crack-growth resistance under continuous internal pressure. Differential scanning calorimetry to ISO 11357-3:2018 gives a melting peak near 178 °C; glass transition to ISO 11357-2:2020 is near 50–55 °C. Vicat softening temperature to ISO 306 A/50 is approximately 165 °C. Short-term thermal limits must not be confused with continuous-use ratings, because long-term oxidative performance is lower and part-thickness dependent.
Pre-drying is required when the granulate has been exposed to ambient relative humidity above 60 %. A dehumidified-air dryer with dew point no higher than -30 °C, air temperature of 80 °C, and residence time of 4–6 h reduces moisture to the recommended maximum of 0.10 mass %. Residual moisture above 0.15 % causes hydrolytic chain scission at processing temperature, producing surface pitting, longitudinal die lines, reduced molecular weight, and inconsistent tube wall thickness. For single-screw extrusion, screw L/D ratios of 24–30 with barrier-flighted compression sections and grooved feed throats are standard for this viscosity class. Barrel set points from hopper to die are typically 180 °C to 230 °C; melt temperature is maintained at 220–250 °C and die-head pressure is kept below 25 MPa to limit shear heating and melt fracture. Injection moulding of fittings is possible with melt temperature 230–260 °C, mould temperature 40–80 °C, and cavity pressure 40–70 MPa; the high molecular mass reduces spiral-flow length compared with low-viscosity PA12, so runner and gate dimensions must be increased accordingly.
On production-scale extrusion lines, high-viscosity PA12 behaves differently from low-viscosity grades. A 45 mm single-screw extruder running a 12 mm outer-diameter tube may reach die pressures of 10–20 MPa at screw speeds below 80 min⁻¹. Increasing screw speed beyond the barrel cooling capacity can produce melt-temperature overshoot above 250 °C, visible as dark specks and surface streaks. Melt pumps are recommended when wall-thickness tolerance is tighter than ±0.1 mm. Lot-to-lot consistency in melt volume-flow rate to ISO 1133-1:2022 should be held within ±10 % of the supplier nominal value; larger deviations require rheological inspection to detect moisture uptake, contamination, or incorrect feedstock grading.
The values in Table 1 are representative dry as-moulded data from published technical literature for this product family. They are not design minima. Moisture conditioning lowers tensile modulus and increases elongation at yield; conditioned values may shift by 10–20 % depending on wall thickness and exposure duration. Load-bearing designs must use current lot-specific datasheets and appropriate safety factors.
| Property | Test standard | Representative value |
|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2 | 1600 MPa |
| Tensile stress at yield | ISO 527-1/-2 | 45 MPa |
| Elongation at yield | ISO 527-1/-2 | 5 % |
| Charpy notched impact strength, 23 °C | ISO 179-1/1eA:2010 | 7 kJ/m² |
| Charpy notched impact strength, -30 °C | ISO 179-1/1eA:2010 | 5 kJ/m² |
| Melting peak | ISO 11357-3:2018 | 178 °C |
| Vicat softening temperature A/50 | ISO 306 | 165 °C |
| Shore D hardness | ISO 868 | 77 |
Compared with standard low-viscosity PA12 injection grades, the 2D 25 H HM architecture shifts melt strength upward and permits larger-diameter parisons with lower sag. Compared with PA6 and PA66, the PA12 backbone reduces water uptake from 9–10 mass % for PA6 to 0.7 mass %, which improves dimensional stability and reduces humidity-induced dielectric drift. Compared with PA612, this grade has lower density and a lower melting point near 178 °C; PA612 may offer higher heat-deflection temperature under load but generally absorbs more water than PA12. Compared with PA11, low-temperature flexibility and density are similar, so selection is often determined by supplier-specific stabilization, compliance declarations, and existing tooling. Compared with PA6/PA66, the lower tensile modulus of PA12 must be accepted when the application requires flexibility and resistance to metal-halide stress cracking.
Heat-stabilized PA12 is generally serviceable in hot air at 100–120 °C; degradation accelerates above 130 °C. Melt temperature must not exceed 280 °C, and hold-up time at melt temperature should be kept below 10 min. Black 9992 carbon-black pigmentation provides ultraviolet screening, but outdoor qualification should include xenon-arc weathering to ISO 4892-2 with mechanical endpoints linked to the finished part. PA12 resists zinc chloride stress cracking better than short-chain polyamides; however, strong mineral acids, concentrated formic acid, and strong oxidizing environments can degrade the polymer and should be excluded unless component-level testing confirms compatibility. Continuous exposure to hot water or steam above 100 °C requires reduced pressure and temperature ratings based on hydrolytic ageing data supplied for the specific article.
For cable protection, dry-state volume resistivity under IEC 62631-3-1 is approximately 10¹² Ω·m, but surface leakage increases after condensation, salt deposition, or contamination. The material is therefore used as mechanical conduit protection rather than as primary electrical insulation unless the full cable assembly is tested.
Typical regulatory status statements for this product family are summarized in Table 2. Raw-material declarations do not guarantee finished-article compliance; converting, printing, adhesive bonding, cutting, and assembly can introduce additional substances or change migration behaviour.
| Domain | Standard or regulation | Relevant criterion |
|---|---|---|
| Food contact | FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 | Polyamide resin for repeated use; extraction limits per applicable clause |
| Food contact | EU Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 | Overall migration limit 10 mg/dm² for general food contact |
| Environmental | RoHS 2011/65/EU Annex II | Pb 0.1 wt%, Hg 0.1 wt%, Cd 0.01 wt%, Cr⁶⁺ 0.1 wt% |
| Chemical inventory | REACH 1907/2006 Article 33 | SVHC communication if concentration exceeds 0.1 wt% |
| Flammability | UL 94 | HB class at 3.0 mm thickness |
Common final articles include extruded multi-layer fuel-vapor ducts, pneumatic brake conduits, hydraulic fluid lines, cable protection sheaths, and blow-moulded fluid reservoirs. In multi-layer fuel-vapor ducting, the PA12 layer contributes low-temperature impact, flexibility, and chemical resistance, while a barrier layer of high-density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, or fluoropolymer is used to meet evaporative emission requirements. Final permeation depends on barrier-layer thickness, tie-layer adhesion, extrusion history, and regional vehicle evaporative emission standards; it cannot be predicted from PA12 raw-material data alone. For outdoor cable conduits, black 9992 provides carbon-black ultraviolet screening, but the system supplier must validate pressure, impact, weathering, flammability, and regulatory requirements on the finished component. Published data for this specific black-pigmented high-molecular-mass PA12 configuration is limited to the standard property set; long-term functional performance must be confirmed by component-level testing under the applicable regional specification.
