| HS Code | 715998 |
| Material | Nylon 12 (Polyamide 12) |
| Fiber Form | Staple Fiber |
| Staple Length | 60 mm |
| Density | 1.01 g/cm³ |
| Specific Gravity | 1.01 |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 37 °C |
| Tenacity | 60 cN/tex |
| Elongation At Break | 20% |
| Initial Modulus | 25 cN/tex |
| Moisture Regain | 0.8% at 20 °C, 65% RH |
| Water Absorption | 0.25% at 24h immersion |
As an accredited EMS-Griltech Grilamid HP 1200 Nylon 12 Fiber (Staple Length = 60) factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Packaged in 25 kg sealed polyethylene-lined bags, palletized and stretch-wrapped for transport. Quantity: 25 kg net per bag. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading of Grilamid HP 1200 nylon 12 fiber, staple 60 mm, packed in sealed bags on pallets. |
| Shipping | Ship as non-hazardous nylon 12 staple fiber in sealed, moisture-resistant packaging. Avoid excessive heat, humidity, and compression. Standard dry cargo transport is suitable; keep upright and protected from contamination. Include product name and staple length on documentation for traceability. |
| Storage | Store Grilamid HP 1200 Nylon 12 Fiber in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. Keep in original unopened packaging or sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid prolonged exposure to UV radiation. Maintain moderate humidity; recommended storage temperature is below 25°C. Under these conditions, shelf life is typically 12 months. |
| Shelf Life | Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Typical shelf life is two years from manufacture date. |
In dry-laid nonwoven lines producing moulded headliner, door panel, and package tray substrates, EMS-Griltech Grilamid HP 1200 Nylon 12 Fiber with a nominal staple length of 60 mm is metered into the carding blend as the thermoplastic binder phase. Typical starting formulations place the PA12 staple at 18-28 wt% against a 6.7 dtex PET carrier fiber, though 30 wt% is used for deep-draw package trays. The fiber is opened on a roller card with worker/stripper gaps widened for 60 mm staple; antistatic lubricant on the staple should be maintained at 0.15-0.25 wt% because longer fiber increases web cohesion but also raises fiber-to-metal wrapping risk on the main cylinder. The carded web is crosslapped to a batt mass of 400-900 g/m², needlepunched at 2,000-3,500 punches/cm², and thermally activated in a through-air oven or flatbed laminator. The PA12 melting endotherm measured by ISO 11357-3:2018 typically lies between 172°C and 180°C; the bonding zone is therefore run at a fabric surface temperature of 178-185°C with dwell time of 10-20 s. Below 172°C, the binder fiber does not flow sufficiently to wet the PET carrier and adhesion measured by ISO 9073-2:1995 peel testing drops below the level required to survive the cold-press moulding stage. Above 190°C, PA12 fiber yellowing and melt droplet formation occur within 15-25 s, creating visible defects on the A-surface after lamination. The practical oven control band across the working width is ±5°C; wider edge-to-centre air temperature split requires burner damper rebalancing. Pre-drying at 80°C for 4-6 h in a desiccant dryer to residual moisture below 0.1 wt% is applied when the staple has been stored above 60% RH; free moisture in the carded web produces steam pinholes during thermoforming. The moulded substrate must also pass ISO 3795:1989 flammability and OEM-specific VOC and fogging limits, which requires selection of a low-volatile carding lubricant and stabilizer package.
Because a 60 mm PA12 staple survives carding and needlepunching without excessive fiber breakage, it is converted into needlepunched veils that act as interlayers in PA12 matrix thermoplastic composite stamping. The veil production route uses a roller card to form a batt of 50-150 g/m², needlepunches the batt at 1,500-3,000 punches/cm² with 32-gauge needles and 0.8 mm barb depth, and optionally dry-shrinks the veil at 140-150°C for 2-5 min to stabilize dimensions before interleaving. The veil is placed between PA12 film layers or PA12/glass fabric plies and consolidated in a double-belt press at 185-195°C under 3-6 bar; because the fiber and matrix are both PA12, the melted staple co-crystallizes with the matrix rather than forming a discrete adhesive boundary. Laminate mechanicals are screened by ISO 527-4:2021 for tensile properties and ISO 14130:1997 for interlaminar shear strength; fracture toughness may be ranked by ISO 15024:2001 mode I testing. The processing boundary is narrow: surface temperatures below 178°C leave unmelted fiber cores that act as voids, while exposure above 200°C for more than 3 min can deactivate the heat-stabilizer package and shift crystallinity. Published data for this specific Grilamid HP 1200 configuration in needlepunched composite veils is limited, so processors validate fiber distribution by micro-CT and residual porosity by water immersion according to ISO 1183-1:2019 before serial production. Compliance under REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XVII and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU must be confirmed on the finished composite part because the fiber surface finish may be retained in the consolidated matrix.
Needlefelt producers that require chemical resistance against hot oils, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and weakly alkaline cleaning agents use the 60 mm PA12 staple as a batt fiber in oil-coalescing cartridges and air-filtration media. The fiber is blended at 30-100 wt% with polypropylene or polyester depending on service temperature and chemical load, carded into a batt, needlepunched at 2,500-4,000 punches/cm², and calendered at 150-170°C with a nip pressure of 40-80 N/mm to reduce mean pore size and improve dust-release properties. PA12 fiber exhibits low equilibrium moisture regain compared with PA6, typically 0.7-0.9% at 23°C and 50% RH tested according to ISO 62:2008; this limits humidity-induced swelling of the needlefelt and stabilizes pressure drop in compressed air systems when measured under ISO 16890:2016 filter-efficiency classification protocols. Continuous service in hot air is restricted to approximately 90°C for unstabilized PA12 fiber, and operation above 100°C accelerates oxidative embrittlement, reducing burst strength measured by ISO 13938-1:2019. The fiber should not be specified for strong mineral acid service, phenol-rich streams, or continuous contact with chlorinated solvents because PA12 loses molecular mass through acid hydrolysis and solvent-induced stress cracking; in such streams, a fluoropolymer or PPS felt is required.
If a paper machine press felt is subjected to saturated steam at 120-140°C and batchwise alkaline cleaning at pH 10-12, Grilamid HP 1200 staple at 60 mm is introduced into the batt layer as a chemically resistant alternative to PA6 or PA66 batt fiber. The batt blend typically contains 20-40 wt% PA12 staple, with the remainder PA6 or PA66 depending on abrasion requirements. The lower amide-group density of PA12 reduces hydrolysis in moist heat; dimensional change after 24 h immersion in water at 95°C measured by ISO 1419:2019 is lower than that of standard PA6 batt fiber. Needle loom processing uses preneedle boards and finishing boards with 40-gauge needles and barb depths of 0.5-0.6 mm; a 60 mm staple requires wider carding gaps and reduced main-cylinder speed to prevent fiber wrapping. The operational limit is the combination of steam temperature and nip residence time: PA12 batt fiber softens near 172°C, and if the felt surface exceeds that temperature during a press-section shutdown, fused batt patches can cause sheet marking. The fiber is therefore limited to pickup felts running below approximately 150°C surface temperature. Abrasion resistance remains below PA66; where sheet-side batt fibers face high-pressure shower reciprocation, a 1.7-2.2 dtex PA12/PET blend or a PA12/PA66 core-sheath construction may be substituted. Standard felt testing according to ISO 9073-2:1995 and water permeability according to ISO 11058:2019 apply to the finished felt.
Fiber converters that cut or crimp the 60 mm PA12 staple for industrial brush strips and mechanical wear media select it where low moisture uptake and dimensional stability under humid washdown environments are required. The staple is blended, carded into sliver, and twist-set into brush strip carriers on semi-worsted or carded-wool spinning systems; crimp frequency is typically set between 7 and 9 crimps per 25 mm to balance carding cohesion and bristle recovery. After brush making, the PA12 fiber contributes a flexural modulus of approximately 1,400 MPa when measured on the bulk polymer per ISO 527-2:2012. In wet floor scrubber and food-processing brushes, PA12 retains more consistent bristle stiffness than PA6 because water absorption is lower; fiber diameter and crimp frequency are adjusted to avoid bristle collapse under wet conditions. The operational boundary is low-temperature toughness and wear rate: PA12 retains better toughness below -20°C than standard PA6, but plasticizers or impact modifiers in the brush compound can reduce chemical resistance and should be avoided where solvent contact occurs. Abrasion wear rate is screened by a rotational drum test according to ISO 4649:2017 on the finished brush material; direct substitution into high-contact-pressure industrial sweeper applications requires validation because PA12 is softer than PA66 and may exhibit higher wear loss on concrete and asphalt.
Compounding of short-fiber-reinforced rubber for synchronous belts and hydraulic hose covers uses PA12 staple that is chopped to 3-6 mm after delivery at 60 mm nominal cut length. The fiber is incorporated into NBR or CR compounds on a two-roll mill or internal mixer at 5-15 phr; high-shear mixing with a fill factor of 0.75 and rotor speed of 40-60 rpm raises stock temperature to 90-110°C and orients the chopped fiber in the milling direction. After extrusion or calendering, vulcanization at 150-170°C in a steam autoclave or salt bath sets the rubber matrix and preserves fiber orientation; the resulting modulus anisotropy is measured by tensile testing along and across grain according to ISO 37:2017. PA12 fiber is selected because its melting point above the vulcanization temperature prevents melt collapse of the reinforcing phase, whereas PE fiber at the same loading would soften and lose short-fiber reinforcement. The operational boundary is adhesion to the rubber matrix: untreated PA12 short fiber has lower adhesion to NBR/CR than RFL-dipped aramid or rayon, so resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex dip application or use of a maleated rubber compatibilizer is required for repeated flex fatigue. Flex-crack resistance should be screened by ISO 132:2017 or a De Mattia flexing machine; published data for this specific PA12 latex dip configuration is limited, and proof of production requires batch-to-batch extraction resistance testing on the dipped staple.
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EMS-Griltech Grilamid HP 1200 Nylon 12 Fiber, supplied in cut staple form with a stated staple length of 60 mm, is a monocomponent thermoplastic polyamide 12 product intended for dry-laid nonwoven webs, needlepunched batts, and thermoplastic composite preforms. The generic chemical designation PA12 is assigned under ISO 1043-1, and the man-made fibre description follows ISO 2076. Because the fibre is monocomponent, it does not possess a lower-melting sheath. When the web is heated above the polymer melting endotherm, the entire fibre cross-section participates in melt coalescence. This behavior makes the product suitable for through-air bonding, double-belt pressing, and matched-die compression molding, but it also requires tighter thermal uniformity than a sheath-core binder. The 60 mm cut length is selected for carding and cross-lapping equipment where longer staple enhances web cohesion and needlepunching entanglement; however, the same length may generate higher fibre-to-metal friction and nep formation if the carding line is not adjusted for polyamide 12. The grade designation HP 1200 is a supplier-specific identifier. Published data for this exact fibre configuration is limited, and the fibre linear density, crimp level, spin finish type, cut-length tolerance, and tensile properties should be confirmed from the production-lot certificate issued by EMS-Griltech.
The base polymer is a semicrystalline polyamide 12 obtained from laurolactam. This distinguishes it from the caprolactam-derived polyamide 6 and the hexamethylenediamine/adipic acid-derived polyamide 66. The chain structure of PA12 provides two practical consequences for fibre processing: a lower melting endotherm and a lower equilibrium moisture regain. For unfilled PA12 resin, density is generally reported between 1.01 g/cm³ and 1.02 g/cm³ under ISO 1183-1. The melting endotherm determined by differential scanning calorimetry under ISO 11357-3 is typically in the range of 174 °C to 178 °C for standard homopolymer grades. These are class-typical values and must be verified for the HP 1200 fibre lot. The melting point below 200 °C permits thermal bonding in combination with heat-sensitive natural fibres such as flax, kenaf, or viscose. At the same time, monocomponent PA12 staple does not provide the thermal separation of a sheath-core bicomponent binder; once the web reaches the melting endotherm, the entire fibre softens. This can create a uniform PA12 matrix after cooling, but it also creates a risk of web collapse if through-air temperature uniformity is poor.
The product occupies a middle position between low-melt polyolefin or bicomponent binders and higher-melting polyamide 6 or polyamide 66 staple products. It provides higher thermal resistance after consolidation than a polyethylene sheath-core binder but bonds at a lower temperature than PA66. The trade-off is lower stiffness and strength than PA6 or PA66. This performance profile is appropriate for applications where low density, moisture-stable behavior, and high toughness are more important than tensile modulus. The remaining paragraphs provide comparative property, processing, and boundary information that should be read as general engineering guidance, not as a specification for an unconfirmed HP 1200 fibre lot.
The stated 60 mm staple length distinguishes this product from shorter wet-laid PA12 products, which are typically in the 6–12 mm range, and from longer needlepunching grades that may be supplied at 80–120 mm. A 60 mm cut length provides a mid-range balance between carding compatibility and batt cohesion. It is not optimized for wet-laid processes where a low length-to-diameter ratio is required to disperse fibres in water without flocculation. In dry-laid processing, however, the longer cut length supports mechanical entanglement after needlepunching and can reduce the need for chemical bonding agents.
The most significant comparative differences involve thermal transition, moisture uptake, density, and melt processing. A bicomponent polyester core/polyethylene sheath binder typically bonds near 130 °C and retains a structural polyester core, but the resulting web has a lower continuous use temperature and different solvent resistance. PA6 and PA66 staple require higher bonding temperatures and exhibit higher moisture uptake under ISO 62, which can produce greater dimensional change in humid environments. The table below lists class-typical unfilled resin values from public datasheets; they are not measured values for the HP 1200 fibre lot.
| Property | Test standard | PA12 homopolymer | PA6 | PA66 | PET |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.01–1.02 g/cm³ | 1.13–1.14 g/cm³ | 1.13–1.15 g/cm³ | 1.38–1.40 g/cm³ |
| Melting endotherm | ISO 11357-3 | 174–178 °C | 220–222 °C | 260–262 °C | 248–256 °C |
| Moisture uptake at 23 °C/50 % RH | ISO 62 | 0.7–1.0 wt% | 2.5–3.0 wt% | 2.0–2.5 wt% | 0.4–0.5 wt% |
| Tensile modulus of unfilled resin | ISO 527-2 | 1,500–1,700 MPa | 2,800–3,200 MPa | 3,000–3,500 MPa | 3,500–4,500 MPa |
The comparative values show that PA12 provides lower density and lower moisture uptake than PA6 or PA66, and a lower melt endotherm than PA66 or PET. These properties reduce the drying burden relative to PA6 and PA66 but do not eliminate the need for pre-drying. The lower modulus also indicates that PA12 should not be used as a direct replacement for PA66 in a stiffness-driven nonwoven or composite without a reinforcing phase. If the application is stiffness-limited, blending PA12 staple with glass, carbon, or high-modulus polymer reinforcement becomes the primary design control.
When a 60 mm PA12 staple is introduced to an existing high-speed carding line, the cut length influences opening, carding, and needlepunching behavior. On a carding line originally set for 38–51 mm polyester staple, a 60 mm polyamide 12 fibre may show higher breakage if the lickerin speed is too high or the worker-to-cylinder spacing is too narrow. Fibre breakage shifts the effective length distribution downward, increases short-fibre content, and produces a web with worse basis-weight uniformity. Production-scale observations indicate that reducing lickerin speed and opening the worker-to-cylinder gap can reduce breakage, but throughput may have to be lowered. For needlepunching, the longer staple requires adequate barb engagement depth; insufficient penetration produces low entanglement and a weak batt, while excessive penetration increases needle breakage and fibre damage. The resulting needled fabric often shows a higher machine-direction to cross-direction strength ratio when processed on a single-direction card. Cross-lapping and optimized needlepunching can reduce this anisotropy but cannot eliminate it completely.
Web basis weight uniformity is assessed under ISO 9073-1, and nonwoven tensile and elongation behavior is measured under ISO 9073-2. For thermoplastic composite preforms, the PA12 staple is blended with glass, carbon, or natural reinforcing fibres before carding. In this configuration, PA12 acts as a melt-fusible matrix rather than as a load-bearing fibre. The blend ratio must be controlled against process and final-part requirements. If the PA12 content is too high, the matrix phase may squeeze out during compression molding and form resin films or surface defects. If the PA12 content is too low, matrix continuity is lost and void content increases. The optimum blend ratio depends on the reinforcing fibre diameter, length, surface finish, and the final composite porosity requirement.
Spin finish is an additional critical variable. Polyamide staple fibres are normally supplied with a controlled surface finish to dissipate static charge and reduce fibre-to-metal friction. The user should confirm that the spin finish is compatible with subsequent matrix resins, primers, or coating systems. A silicone-based finish can reduce carding friction but may interfere with adhesion in some epoxy or polyurethane matrices. In PA12-to-PA12 overmoulding, the finish is less likely to block fusion bonding, but batch-to-batch finish content should be monitored because excessive finish can cause smoke generation and local discoloration at the tool surface. Fibre surface chemistry also influences electrostatic charging; in dry winter conditions, insufficient finish or low ambient humidity can lead to web hanging and carding instability.
Melt rheology of the PA12 base material should be established under ISO 1133-1:2022 or by the supplier’s specified method. The fibre itself is not typically characterized directly by melt volume-flow rate before carding; instead, the producer may report the solution viscosity of the base polymer or a grade-specific melt flow parameter. The user should request the appropriate rheological specification for the grade from EMS-Griltech and should not assume that the rheology of a PA12 injection molding grade applies to the fibre grade.
Pre-drying is required before thermal consolidation. Polyamide 12 hydrolyzes at melt-processing temperatures, and absorbed moisture reduces molecular weight, lowers melt viscosity, and creates steam defects. A desiccant dryer with a dew point of -40 °C and a set point near 80 °C is commonly used for PA12 pellets; the same target of less than 0.10 wt% moisture applies to staple webs before through-air bonding or compression molding. Moisture content should be measured by ISO 15512 or Karl Fischer titration. If the web has been conditioned at a relative humidity above 60 %, re-drying is required even if the fibre was dry on receipt. Production-scale experience with polyamide 12 nonwovens indicates that oven air temperature alone is not sufficient to ensure bond strength. Air velocity, web mass, and dwell time must be characterized together to avoid cold spots in the centre of the batt.
The lower thermal boundary is set by the melting endotherm near 178 °C. Practical through-air bonding set points are usually above this value to achieve complete fusion, but the optimal set point depends on heat transfer through the fibre web and on the degree of fibre orientation. The upper boundary is set by oxidative degradation. Prolonged hold times above 230 °C in air are not recommended for unstabilized PA12; inert-gas or vacuum-assisted consolidation can extend the upper temperature boundary. In compression molding, heated platens or an isothermal double-belt press with separated heating and cooling zones is preferred. Tool temperatures in the range of 160 °C to 190 °C are common for thermoforming consolidated PA12-based organosheets, but exact settings should be derived from the fibre grade certificate and reinforcement architecture.
Cooling rate after consolidation controls crystallinity. Quenching to 30–50 °C reduces crystallinity and can improve ductility, while slow cooling in a heated tool raises crystallinity and improves dimensional stability at the expense of impact performance. The crystallization exotherm and melt enthalpy are characterized by ISO 11357-3. Tensile properties of the consolidated unreinforced sheet are characterized by ISO 527-2, while fibre-reinforced composites are tested under ISO 14125. If the bonded web is intended for service in humid or temperature-cycling environments, the user should evaluate dimensional change after conditioning under ISO 62 and thermomechanical response under the relevant heat deflection or dynamic mechanical analysis method.
Operational boundaries include the inability of this monocomponent staple to act as a structural core after bonding. A high-melting reinforcing fibre or a preconsolidated substrate is required when stiffness, strength, or dimensional stability under thermomechanical load is required. The material is also not a low-temperature binder; processing below 170 °C will not generate sufficient melt flow for strong interlaminar bonds in most staple web structures. The 60 mm cut length is generally too long for wet-laid processes and too short for some high-loft air-laid constructions that require longer staple or continuous filament. Compliance with food-contact, medical, or aerospace specifications is not automatic and must be confirmed through the supplier under the specific regulatory framework, including REACH and RoHS where applicable.
In automotive interior and underbody applications, the low moisture uptake of PA12 reduces the saturation-driven dimensional shift that occurs with PA6 or PA66 nonwovens. A needled PA12 fleece can be compression molded onto a substrate, but adhesion to polyolefin substrates generally requires plasma, corona, or primer treatment. Adhesion to PA12-based substrates is favored by chemical compatibility. Peel or lap-shear testing should be selected according to substrate rigidity and the required failure mode. In filtration media, the 60 mm staple can be needlepunched into felt and calendered to a target air permeability. Low moisture regain reduces changes in air permeability between dry and humid conditions, but filtration efficiency is application-specific and must be tested under the relevant ISO 16890 or ISO 11057 method for cleanable filters. PA12 may be selected over polyester when chemical resistance to hydrocarbons or low-temperature impact is required, but the fibre is not intended for strong acid environments.
For applications involving long-term contact with hot oil, grease, or fuel vapor, PA12 provides well-known resistance, but the fibre form introduces additional surface area. The large specific surface area of staple fibres can increase oxidative or extractive attack compared with a consolidated plaque. Testing of chemical resistance should follow the relevant immersion method, and any change in weight, elongation, or molecular weight should be monitored after accelerated aging. Published data for the HP 1200 staple in specific fuel blends is limited; qualification must be carried out with the actual fluid composition and the final web density.
In lot acceptance testing, the certificate should report cut length distribution, moisture content, spin finish content, linear density, and, where relevant, melting endotherm by ISO 11357-3. Batch-to-batch variation in cut length or finish content can shift carding efficiency and thermal bonding performance. If the variation exceeds the carding equipment capability, web weight variation and needlepunching defects become visible as streaks or soft spots. Production lines typically qualify the fibre at a fixed blend ratio, carding speed, and bonding profile before committing to broader application envelopes. Published data for the HP 1200 fibre configuration is limited; therefore, the final process envelope should be validated with a statistically bounded trial run on the intended line.
