| HS Code | 382579 |
| Productname | ecovio FS2312 Blown Film Compostable PLA Compound |
| Polymertype | PLA/PBAT compound |
| Density | approx. 1.25 g/cm³ |
| Meltvolumerate | approx. 3.0 cm³/10 min at 190 °C/2.16 kg |
| Meltingpoint | approx. 150 °C |
| Vicatsofteningtemperature | approx. 80 °C |
| Tensilemodulus | approx. 1600 MPa |
| Tensilestrength | approx. 35 MPa |
| Elongationatbreak | approx. 350% |
| Compostabilitycertification | EN 13432, ASTM D6400, ISO 17088 |
| Processingmethod | Blown film extrusion |
| Recommendedfilmthickness | 10–100 µm |
| Heatsealable | Yes |
| Dryingrequirement | Pre-dry before processing |
As an accredited ecovio FS2312 Blown Film Compostable PLA Compound factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Ecovio FS2312 is supplied in 25 kg moisture-barrier bags, 40 bags per pallet, totaling 1,000 kg, stretch-wrapped for safe transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Standard 20-foot FCL loading for ecovio FS2312 Blown Film Compostable PLA Compound; palletized bags, securely stowed for ocean freight. |
| Shipping | ecovio FS2312 Blown Film Compostable PLA Compound is shipped as non-hazardous, non-DG cargo in sealed moisture-barrier bags, sacks, or octabins. Transport at ambient temperature, protected from moisture, direct sunlight, heat, and contamination. Standard handling PPE applies. Keep containers closed and labeled. No special transport ventilation or segregation required. |
| Storage | Store ecovio FS2312 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly closed original packaging. Protect from moisture, direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. Keep below 30°C and at low humidity. Store away from incompatible substances and food/feed. Avoid prolonged storage; use first-in, first-out. Reseal opened containers promptly to prevent moisture uptake. Keep containers closed when not in use. |
| Shelf Life | Typically 12 months when stored sealed in original packaging, cool, dry, and protected from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight. |
Conversion of ecovio FS2312, a pre-compounded PLA/copolyester blown film grade, on production-scale monolayer lines for compostable vest carrier bags begins with moisture control rather than melt temperature selection. The compound is metered as the base resin at 98.0–99.5 wt%, with 0.5–2.0 wt% of a PBAT-carrier slip/antiblock masterbatch containing synthetic silica of 1–2 µm median particle size; post-industrial edge trim and start-up scrap are reintroduced below 15 wt% only after grinding to 8–12 mm flakes and desiccant drying, because higher regrind fractions elevate gel count and reduce dart impact in 20–45 µm finished film. Certification for this segment is governed by EN 13432:2000 in the European market and ASTM D6400-23 in North America, with the European evaluation chain requiring ≥90% absolute biodegradation by ISO 14855-1 within 180 days, disintegration residues above 2 mm below 10% after 12 weeks by ISO 16929, and absence of phytotoxicity by OECD 208. The line configuration most commonly used consists of a grooved-feed single-screw extruder with L/D 25:1–30:1, barrier mixing section, screen changer, and spiral mandrel die with 0.8–1.2 mm die gap; barrel temperatures are set from 140–150°C at the feed throat to 165–175°C at the metering zone, with adapter and die zones at 160–170°C. The blow-up ratio is held at 2.5:1–3.5:1, frost line height at 2–4 die diameters, and melt temperature below 180°C; exceeding this threshold produces PLA chain scission, visible primarily as lower bubble tension and increasing thickness variation at the frost line. Terminal products include die-cut vest carrier bags, block-header shopping bags, and wicket-mounted produce bags with density in the range 1.24–1.27 g/cm³.
At finished gauge between 10 µm and 18 µm, the organic waste caddy liner segment exposes a process conflict between melt strength and stiffness. The formulation uses ecovio FS2312 at 70–90 parts by weight, diluted with 10–30 parts by weight of a PBAT-rich biodegradable copolyester to increase bubble stability and dart impact; biodegradable slip/antiblock masterbatch is added at 1.0–2.5 wt%, but addition above 3.0 wt% is avoided because migratory silica lowers transverse direction tear resistance after 3–6 days of winding tension. Amine-based antifog concentrates are not recommended because residual alkalinity accelerates PLA hydrolysis in the melt phase, reducing molecular weight even when total moisture is controlled. Compliance for European municipal and retail organic waste bags is established under EN 13432:2000, and for Australian kerbside organics under AS 4736-2006; the supporting test sequence includes ISO 14855-1 for biodegradation, ISO 16929 for disintegration, ISO 20200 for pilot-scale composting, and OECD 208 for ecotoxicity. On production-scale blown film lines, the primary equipment specification includes a grooved-feed extruder of 65–90 mm screw diameter and L/D 30:1, a spiral mandrel die with 0.6–1.0 mm die gap, and an external bubble stabilizer fitted with a calibrating basket. Die temperature must remain in the 155–170°C window: below 160°C, the compound exhibits die-lip freeze and surface haze, while above 175°C the PLA-rich phase loses sufficient melt strength for stable operation at blow-up ratios above 3.5:1. Production runs use blow-up ratios of 3.0:1–4.0:1, frost line heights of 2–3 die diameters, and on-line capacitance gauge control to ±1.5% of target thickness. Pre-drying in a desiccant dryer at 70°C for 4 h to residual moisture below 250 ppm is mandatory when ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%; otherwise melt-phase hydrolysis produces progressive MVR increase and bubble instability after 1–2 h of running. Terminal product configurations include 7 L, 10 L, and 30 L caddy liners, and 60–120 L kerbside organics bags with drawstring or flap-top closures.
For soil-biodegradable mulch film conversion, ecovio FS2312 is processed as a neat matrix at 100 parts by weight; carbon black masterbatch is added only where black mulch is specified, at 3.0–6.0 wt%, and the masterbatch carrier must be certified compostable under the same standard to avoid compromising the final certification. Transparent films are used for early-season soil warming, while black films provide weed suppression in annual tomato, pepper, and strawberry cropping systems. The governing specification is EN 17033:2018, which requires aerobic biodegradation in soil by ISO 17556 within 2 years, disintegration in soil by ISO 23832, and absence of phytotoxicity by OECD 208; however, published field data specific to ecovio FS2312 under soil temperatures below 15°C is limited, and converter validation under target-site moisture and temperature profiles is required before regional claims. Extrusion conditions for 10–25 µm mulch film use a die gap of 0.8–1.2 mm, melt temperature between 160°C and 175°C, and blow-up ratio of 2.5:1–3.5:1; a static mixer downstream of the screw improves masterbatch distribution without requiring twin-screw compounding because the base resin is pre-compounded. Terminal products include perforated and non-perforated mulch films from 0.8 m to 1.8 m width, rolled in lengths of 500–1500 m.
Compostable e-commerce mailer film based on ecovio FS2312 is converted in the 40–80 µm gauge range, with the base resin at 80–95 wt% and a PBAT-rich biodegradable copolyester at 5–20 wt% to lower heat-seal initiation and improve puncture resistance during courier handling. Biodegradable color masterbatch is dosed at 2–4 wt%; slip/antiblock masterbatch is added at 0.5–1.5 wt% for high-speed bag conversion, but higher loadings reduce seal integrity at the side weld. Certification for the European market is EN 13432:2000, and for North America ASTM D6400-23, with the same biodegradation and disintegration methodology as for other compostable packaging segments. The principal downstream constraint is the heat-seal temperature window: PBAT dilution lowers seal initiation to 105–115°C, while undiluted PLA-rich film requires seal bar temperatures above 130°C and is prone to shrink-back at the seal zone. Film production uses single-screw extruders with L/D 25:1–30:1, spiral mandrel dies with 0.8–1.2 mm die gap, die temperatures between 155°C and 170°C, blow-up ratio of 2.0:1–3.0:1, and post-nip corona treatment to 38–42 mN/m for flexographic or digital printing. Conversion on side-weld or bottom-weld bag machines applies seal pressure of 0.3–0.5 MPa and dwell of 0.5–1.0 s, with hot-tack strength evaluated by ASTM F1921-18. Terminal products include black and white e-commerce mailers, garment packaging bags, and return-logistics mailing envelopes with adhesive flap closures; where the film is not intended for direct food contact, migration assessment under EU Regulation No 10/2011 or FDA 21 CFR 176.170 is required only for the specific ink and adhesive system.
Self-opening produce roll bags converted from ecovio FS2312 generally use the compound without PBAT dilution at 100 parts by weight, because dispenser tear-off and film stiffness are prioritized over impact toughness; biodegradable color masterbatch is added at 2–5 wt%, and slip/antiblock concentrate at 0.5–2.0 wt% to prevent blocking during roll winding. Compostability certification is covered by EN 13432:2000 or ASTM D6400-23, but food-contact status is not automatic and must be confirmed by migration testing under EU Regulation No 10/2011 for the specific masterbatch and printing ink system. Downstream processing includes blown film extrusion at melt temperatures of 155–170°C and blow-up ratio of 2.5:1–3.5:1, followed by center-fold conversion, in-line perforation at 300–600 mm intervals, and wicket punching. Perforation depth is controlled to a maximum of 70% of film thickness to avoid snap-off failures when customers pull bags from the roll dispenser. Terminal products include center-fold produce bags, T-shirt produce bags, and gusseted self-standing produce sacks for banana, apple, and vegetable displays; gauge profile across the web is maintained within ±5% to preserve tear-off consistency at the perforation line.
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ecovio FS2312 Blown Film Compostable PLA Compound is a pelletized biodegradable polymer blend formulated for tubular blown-film extrusion. The material combines a poly(lactic acid) fraction with an aliphatic-aromatic copolyester to maintain melt strength during bubble expansion while generating film stiffness characteristic of PLA. Manufacturer-published property envelopes place density at 1.25–1.28 g/cm³ under ISO 1183-1:2019 and melt volume flow rate at 3.0–5.0 cm³/10 min at 190 °C / 2.16 kg under ISO 1133-1:2022. The target film thickness range spans 10–80 µm, with commercial use concentrated in organic waste bags, carrier bags, produce packaging, and agricultural mulch. The grade is differentiated from neat PLA film by improved bubble stability and from lower-renewable PBAT-rich compostable films by a higher modulus and lower elongation at break.
Melt rheology measured on a L/D 30 single-screw blown-film extruder with a 45 mm diameter barrier screw shows stable bubble formation only after the resin is dried below 0.04 % moisture. A desiccant dryer set to 70 °C for 3–4 h with a dew point of -40 °C or lower is required when ambient relative humidity exceeds 60 %. Residual moisture above that threshold reduces melt viscosity, generates surface roughness, and can produce bubble tears directly above the frost line. The recommended barrel temperature profile from feed to die is 160/170/175/175/170 °C; melt temperatures above 200 °C accelerate lactide depolymerization, resulting in die-lip deposits and a progressive loss of bubble pressure stability.
On a 45 mm extruder equipped with a screen pack filter, steady-state melt pressure is usually 180–220 bar with a die pressure of 70–90 bar; excursions above 240 bar often correlate with partial gel build-up and should be managed by reducing screw speed or purging with polyethylene. Because the PLA phase in FS2312 solidifies more rapidly than LDPE under the same air flow, the air ring lip angle and frost line height must be adjusted relative to conventional polyethylene conditions. A blow-up ratio of 2.5–3.5 and a frost line height of 3–6 die diameters are typical starting values for monolayer structures.
The upper melt-temperature boundary is governed by poly(lactic acid) chain scission rather than by copolyester degradation. Differential scanning calorimetry under ISO 11357-3:2018 typically records a PLA melting endotherm between 155 °C and 165 °C and a cold-crystallization exotherm between 95 °C and 110 °C. At die melt temperatures above 195–200 °C, terminal melt strength falls steeply. On a 65 mm three-layer line, bubble instabilities and dart-impact reductions above 30 % of the lower-temperature baseline have been observed within 20 min of exceeding 205 °C. The lower boundary is set by incomplete melting and die line formation. A die temperature below 150 °C causes increased die swelling and visible flow lines in 20 µm film. The practical operating window is therefore 165–190 °C at the die.
Die gap is typically held at 0.8–1.4 mm for monolayer FS2312 film. A gap below 0.8 mm increases shear heating and can push melt temperature above 200 °C even when barrel set points are unchanged. A gap above 1.4 mm lowers shear and may require a higher melt temperature to obtain gauge uniformity, which narrows the already limited temperature window. For coextruded A/B/A structures, skin and core melt temperatures should remain within 5 °C of each other to avoid interfacial flow instability and micro-layer breakup.
Because FS2312 is a PLA-bearing blend, additive masterbatches must be selected for neutral or slightly acidic pH. Amine-based slip or antiblock concentrates are avoided because aminolysis can accelerate PLA molar mass loss at processing temperatures. Erucamide slip is normally added at 0.05–0.15 wt% to avoid reducing heat-seal strength. Titanium dioxide white masterbatch based on the same copolyester carrier is used at 4–8 % for opacity; silicate antiblock can be used at 0.5–2.0 phr, but above 2.0 phr reduces dart impact in thin-gauge film by increasing flaw density.
Organic waste bags made from 25–30 µm FS2312 film are evaluated under EN 13592 load-carrying tests for household refuse sacks and under ISO 527-3:2018 for tensile behavior after 48 h conditioning at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity. Typical film tensile strength ranges from 35–50 MPa in machine direction and 25–35 MPa in transverse direction, while elongation at break is generally 150–350 % machine direction and 250–400 % transverse direction. Puncture resistance per DIN 14477 is sufficient for municipal organic waste capture when local collection cycles do not exceed 7 days under humid loading. Carrier bags are tested for heat-seal strength per ASTM F88/F88M-21; sealing generally occurs at 100–130 °C with a dwell of 0.3–0.5 s and sealing pressure of 1.0–1.5 N/mm².
Agricultural mulch films of 12–25 µm thickness require a UV-stabilizer masterbatch. Unstabilized FS2312 film loses tensile impact resistance after outdoor exposure because the PLA fraction is subject to photolytic chain scission. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, so outdoor residence time must be confirmed by field tests under ISO 17556:2019 soil-biodegradation conditions rather than extrapolated from industrial compostability certification.
FS2312 is not a direct substitute for neat PLA blown film. Neat PLA exhibits a narrow bubble window, typically requiring a blow-up ratio below 2.0 and a die gap above 1.2 mm because its elongation viscosity and melt strength are lower. FS2312 retains a higher modulus than PBAT-rich ecovio blown-film grades because the dispersed PLA phase contributes rigidity; the trade-off appears as a lower tear-propagation resistance under ISO 6383-2:1983. In comparative trials, PBAT-rich grades show Elmendorf tear values roughly 1.5–2.0 times higher than FS2312 at equivalent 30 µm thickness, while FS2312 exhibits tensile modulus values 1.3–1.8 times higher. Compared with starch-filled biodegradable compounds, FS2312 has lower equilibrium moisture uptake and less viscosity drift after 4 h at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity; starch compounds commonly require closed feed systems and vented extruders to manage water release during processing.
Relative to LDPE, FS2312 is not a drop-in replacement. Vicat softening temperature under ISO 306:2022 method A120 is about 70–80 °C, which restricts use in hot-fill or high-temperature logistics. The film softens and deforms under belt-seal temperatures above 130 °C; thus FS2312 is incompatible with conventional LDPE high-speed hot-bar sealing lines optimized for 150–180 °C. Converters must lower sealing temperature or use impulse sealing with controlled dwell. Unwinding tension should be kept below 8–10 N/m web width to avoid film elongation and blocking on the roll above 40 °C storage.
| Property | Test method | Typical envelope |
|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 1.25–1.28 g/cm³ |
| Melt volume flow rate | ISO 1133-1:2022 | 3.0–5.0 cm³/10 min at 190 °C / 2.16 kg |
| Tensile strength, MD | ISO 527-3:2018 | 35–50 MPa |
| Elongation at break, MD | ISO 527-3:2018 | 150–350 % |
| Elmendorf tear, MD | ISO 6383-2:1983 | 15–25 N/mm |
| Dart impact | ASTM D1709-21 | 10–15 g/µm |
| Water vapour transmission | DIN 53122-1 | 250–400 g·100 µm/(m²·d) at 23 °C / 85 % RH |
| Oxygen transmission | ISO 15105-2:2003 | 600–1000 cm³·100 µm/(m²·d·bar) at 23 °C / 0 % RH |
Conditioning to 50 % relative humidity is required before mechanical testing because PLA mechanical response is moisture-sensitive. Below 20 % RH, film becomes stiffer and more brittle; above 80 % RH, it loses modulus and gains impact softness. Seal-strength tests without 24 h conditioning per ASTM D4332-22 may understate equilibrium seal performance.
Industrial compostability certification does not imply home compostability at ambient soil temperatures. For FS2312, home compost certification is not automatic; converters must verify the specific certificate for the final film structure because thickness, pigments, and adhesive labels can alter disintegration kinetics. Disintegration lag above 50 µm film thickness is certification-critical under EN 13432:2000/Amd 2:2021, and published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Biodegradation is measured under ISO 14855-1:2012 at 58 °C, and certification requires at least 90 % mineralization relative to a positive reference within 180 days. Disintegration is assessed under ISO 16929:2021; after 12 weeks in mature compost, no more than 10 % of the original dry mass may remain on a 2 mm sieve. Ecotoxicity is evaluated by plant growth tests according to OECD 208 or the corresponding annex of EN 13432.
| Standard | Scope | Conformity pathway |
|---|---|---|
| EN 13432:2000/AC:2005 | Packaging recoverable through composting and biodegradation | Ultimate biodegradation, disintegration, ecotoxicity and heavy-metal limits |
| ASTM D6400-23 | Compostable plastics in municipal or industrial aerobic facilities | Mineralization, disintegration and safety criteria |
| ISO 17088:2012 | Specifications for compostable plastics | Aligned with EN 13432 and ASTM D6400 |
| EU 94/62/EC | Packaging and packaging waste | Sum of lead, cadmium, mercury and hexavalent chromium ≤ 100 mg/kg |
FS2312 is not designed for anaerobic digesters; in high-solids anaerobic digestion at mesophilic temperatures, degradation may produce methane but is not a certified disposal pathway. Converters must not label FS2312 packaging as home compostable unless the exact final structure is certified by a recognized body. Biobased carbon content measured by ASTM D6866-22 is usually 55–65 %, making the grade suitable for applications requiring renewable carbon but not for applications with a 90 % biobased threshold.
In production-scale blown-film runs on a 65 mm single-screw extruder with L/D 30 and a 250 mm spiral mandrel die, the following failure modes are observed: bubble flutter when frost line height is increased above 6 die diameters; die-lip lactide deposits when melt temperature is maintained above 200 °C for more than 30 min; and gauge bands when the air ring lip angle is not reduced relative to LDPE because FS2312 solidifies more rapidly than LDPE under the same air flow. Regrind addition is limited to 20–30 % in monolayer structures; higher regrind fractions reduce dart impact and heat-seal strength because the third-pass PLA molar mass has undergone additional chain scission.
