| HS Code | 173984 |
| Manufacturer | BASF |
| Chemical Base | PBAT/PLA blend |
| Density | 1.25 g/cm³ |
| Melt Volume Rate | 3.0 cm³/10 min (190°C/2.16 kg) |
| Melting Point | 150 °C |
| Vicat Softening Point | 60 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | 800 MPa |
| Tensile Strength | 25 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | >300% |
| Charpy Impact Strength | No break (23°C) |
| Compostability | Certified compostable according to EN 13432 |
| Renewable Content | 45% |
| Processing Method | Blown film extrusion |
| Recommended Film Thickness | 20-40 µm |
| Food Contact | Suitable for food contact |
| Storage Conditions | Dry, 12 months |
As an accredited ecovio F2224 Blown Film Compostable PLA factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | ecovio F2224 Blown Film Compostable PLA supplied in 25 kg moisture-barrier sealed polyethylene-lined paper bags, palletized for transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: palletized 25 kg bags of ecovio F2224 compostable PLA blown-film resin, stretch-wrapped, moisture-protected, secured; quantity subject to packaging. |
| Shipping | ecovio F2224 Blown Film Compostable PLA is shipped as non-hazardous, compostable PLA-based pellets in sealed moisture-barrier bags on pallets. Transport in cool, dry, ventilated conditions, away from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight. No dangerous-goods classification, special labels, or placards required. Always follow local transport regulations and supplier SDS for safe handling. |
| Storage | Store ecovio F2224 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, ignition sources, and moisture. Keep original containers tightly sealed; avoid high humidity, temperature extremes, and contamination. Use first-in, first-out rotation. Protect from UV, dust, and incompatible chemicals. Maintain recommended storage conditions, typically below 30°C, and inspect packaging regularly. Do not stack beyond safe limits. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is 12 months when stored dry, in unopened original packaging, away from moisture and below 30°C. |
Municipal organic waste collection programmes that link gate fees to certification require liners that combine wet-load containment with thermophilic disintegration; F2224 is processed into caddy liners and kitchen countertop bags at 10–25 µm thickness. Compliance is normally verified against EN 13432:2000 for packaging recoverable through composting, ASTM D6400 for compostable plastics, and AS 4736 or ISO 17088 where regional contract terms require equivalence; disintegration is tested under ISO 16929 and ultimate biodegradation under ISO 14855-1 or ASTM D5338 at 58 °C thermophilic conditions. F2224 is a ready-to-use PBAT/PLA compound and is run neat on single-screw blown film lines; clean edge trim regrind is limited to 15 wt% because higher regrind fractions reduce melt fracture resistance and increase gauge variation during bubble oscillation. The downstream extrusion process uses a grooved-barrel extruder with 25:1–30:1 L/D, a barrier screw with a Maddock mixing section, a die gap of 0.8–1.2 mm, blow-up ratio 2.8:1–4.2:1, melt temperature 175–190 °C, die set temperature 180–185 °C, and frost line height 3–5 die diameters; pre-drying at 80 °C for 4 h to a dew point of -40 °C is required if pellet moisture exceeds 0.025 wt%. Field-scale failure modes include bubble flutter below 10 µm, die-lip deposit formation when melt temperature exceeds 200 °C, and blocking after gusseting at high winding tension. Terminal product types include 5 L, 7 L, 10 L, 26 L, and 120 L sacks with tie-handle or drawstring closures.
Downgauging retail carrier stock from 18 µm to 10–12 µm shifts the conversion bottleneck from melt pressure to bubble stability and seal integrity; F2224 retains a narrow processing window in this range. Compliance for checkout bags is typically aligned with EN 13432:2000 and ASTM D6400, with mechanical acceptance tested by ASTM D1709 dart drop, ASTM D1922 Elmendorf tear, and ASTM F88 heat-seal strength; EU packaging waste recovery obligations refer to 94/62/EC. The formulation is usually neat F2224 with 0–10 wt% clean edge trim regrind; if blocking occurs after slitting, a compostable anti-block masterbatch is added at 1–2 wt% and must not exceed 3 wt% because higher levels reduce seal initiation temperature and increase seal failure under load. High-output conversion is run on 55–75 mm extruders with 30:1 L/D screws, a 150–250 mm die, 0.8 mm die gap, blow-up ratio 2.5:1–3.5:1, melt temperature held below 190 °C, and frost line height raised to 5–6 die diameters; output rates above 1.2 kg/h/mm die circumference produce gauge bands unless air ring pressure is controlled within ±5% of set point. Seal bars are held at 120–140 °C with dwell 0.8–1.5 s and jaw pressure 2.5–4.0 bar; excessive sealing temperature reorients the film at the seal interface and reduces tear propagation resistance. Terminal product types include vest carrier bags, T-shirt bags, produce rolls, and loop-handle bags in the 8–25 µm gauge band.
During the early-season weed suppression window, F2224 is extruded into soil-contact biodegradable mulch films for tomato, pepper, and melon systems at 12–25 µm thickness, where the film must retain puncture resistance through planting and bed establishment while fragmenting after soil incorporation. Compliance uses EN 17033:2018 for biodegradable mulch films for use in agriculture and horticulture, with soil biodegradation measured by ISO 17556 and ecotoxicity evaluated according to the standard’s Annex; the base compound also carries EN 13432:2000 and ASTM D6400 certifications for compostability. Formulation is neat F2224 with 2–5 wt% carbon black or titanium dioxide masterbatch when field marking or UV shielding is specified; clean regrind of edge trim is limited to 15 wt%, while regrind from used films containing post-consumer soil or pesticide residues is excluded. Production-scale blown film lines use die gaps of 0.9–1.2 mm, blow-up ratio 2.5:1–3.5:1, melt temperature 180–195 °C, and elongated frost lines up to 6 die diameters to stabilize the bubble at low caliper; winding tension is reduced to 5–8 N/m to prevent blocking and blocking-related tear propagation. When cumulative ultraviolet exposure exceeds 120 kLy, a compostable UV stabilizer masterbatch may be added at 1–3 wt%, but this modification shifts field degradation timing and should not be used for short-season crops that require rapid fragment visibility. Terminal product types are 0.8 m to 1.4 m layflat rolls, perforated and non-perforated, used as biodegradable mulch for annual horticultural crops.
Fresh-cut leafy greens and whole produce bulk packaging require films with controlled gas transmission and condensation management; F2224 is converted into 20–35 µm vented bags with mechanical microperforation. Food contact status must be verified under EU Regulation 10/2011 and EC 1935/2004; compostability is certified to EN 13432:2000 and ASTM D6400, but migration and organoleptic testing remain converter-specific because perforation changes the diffusion path and seal geometry. The formulation is neat F2224 with 0–10 wt% clean internal trim; when anti-fog performance is required, a fogging-tested compostable anti-fog masterbatch is added at 0.5–1.5 wt%, and higher addition of 2 wt% or more can reduce longitudinal tear resistance. Downstream processing uses a standard air ring blown film line with die gap 0.8–1.0 mm, blow-up ratio 2.0:1–3.0:1, melt temperature 175–185 °C, and a collapsing frame with low-slip rollers; microperforation is applied in-line or off-line by needle rollers with hole diameter 0.4–0.8 mm and perforation density typically 4–12 holes per 100 cm² depending on respiration load. Sealing is run at 110–130 °C with dwell 0.6–1.2 s; excessive temperature causes film thinning at the seal shoulder, which is the dominant failure site in vented produce packs. Terminal product types include pillow packs, side-seal bags, and flow-wrap base films for fresh-cut salad, herb, and whole vegetable applications where industrial composting after use is specified.
Commercial catering kitchens and healthcare facilities with pulping or in-vessel composting contracts require bin liners that survive collection day wet loads but disintegrate under thermophilic composting conditions. F2224 is converted into 20–50 µm liners with capacities from 60 L to 240 L; compliance is demonstrated by EN 13432:2000, ASTM D6400, and ISO 17088, with heavy-metal limits tested according to EN 13432:2000 Annex A and ASTM D6400 limit values. The converter-side formulation uses neat F2224 with 0–10 wt% clean regrind; regrind fractions above 10 wt% increase the incidence of shark skin and reduce bubble stability on thick-gauge lines, while regrind containing paper, adhesives, or cleaning agents is incompatible and must be excluded. Heavy-gauge blown film equipment with die diameter 300–500 mm, die gap 1.0–1.4 mm, blow-up ratio 2.2:1–3.0:1, melt temperature 180–190 °C, and low-slip nip rolls are used; frost line height is raised to 5–7 die diameters to prevent bubble sag. Operational boundary: wet-load exposure beyond 72 h before collection day reduces seal integrity and increases perforations, so the liner specification must be matched to the pickup interval. Terminal product types include wheeled-bin liners for 90 L, 120 L, and 240 L carts, drum liners, and drawstring or tie-handle bags used in commercial organics diversion programs.
E-commerce mailer overwrap and secondary garment packaging made from F2224 often require printed compostability marks and packaging-specific mechanical data because the film enters automated sortation and courier handling. Compliance includes EN 13432:2000 certification for printed film under the applicable certifier’s rules, ISO 17088, and mechanical property reporting by ASTM D882 tensile, ASTM D1922 tear, and ASTM D1709 dart impact; all applied inks, adhesives, and labels must be tested for contribution to compost quality and should not exceed 5 wt% of the total packaging unit. The formulation is neat F2224 with 0–10 wt% clean regrind; when white or opaque film is required, 2–8 wt% of a certified compostable pigment masterbatch is used, but filler masterbatches exceeding 8 wt% increase die-lip wear and reduce dart impact resistance. Downstream processing uses standard blown film lines with die gap 0.9–1.2 mm, blow-up ratio 2.0:1–3.0:1, melt temperature 175–185 °C, and corona treatment to 38–42 dyn/cm before flexographic or digital printing; film stored longer than 48 h after corona loses surface energy and requires retreating. Published data for long-distance sortation drop impact for this specific F2224 mailer configuration is limited, but converters routinely validate bag-in-box release and drop performance under ASTM D5276 to prevent side-seal burst at sortation chutes. Terminal product types include compostable mailer overwrap, garment bags, and secondary wrap for boxed direct-to-consumer shipments where the retailer specifies industrial compostability as an end-of-life route.
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ecovio F2224 is a ready-to-use biodegradable polyester compound developed for blown film extrusion. The material combines polylactic acid (PLA) with polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and processing additives. The PLA phase contributes stiffness, surface hardness, and printability; the PBAT-rich phase contributes elongation, fold resistance, and tear strength. The compound is a two-phase melt-blended system, not a polymer solution, and the final phase morphology depends on screw configuration, melt temperature, and bubble draw ratio. Representative values cited for preliminary screening of this grade include a density of 1.25 g/cm³ according to ISO 1183-1:2019, a melt volume rate of 6.0 cm³/10 min at 190 °C/2.16 kg according to ISO 1133-1:2022, and a DSC melting range of 145–160 °C. Film tensile properties are measured on 50 µm tubular film according to ISO 527-3; dart drop impact is measured according to ASTM D1709A.
Compostability certification for ecovio F2224 is established under EN 13432:2000 and ASTM D6400-21. The certification does not automatically extend to home composting, marine biodegradation, or soil degradation. The material is supplied in moisture-barrier packaging. Once opened, pellets exposed to ambient air with relative humidity above 60 % should be consumed or transferred to a dehumidified hopper within 4 h because PLA is hydrolytically sensitive.
Residual moisture above 0.1 % before extrusion causes molecular weight reduction, melt viscosity loss, and bubble instability. Pre-drying at 70–80 °C for 4–6 h in a dehumidified-air dryer with a dew point of ≤ -40 °C is therefore mandatory when moisture exposure cannot be excluded. Film produced from inadequately dried resin shows reduced tensile strength and may contain pinhole-like defects because steam volatilization interrupts melt continuity at the die lip.
Processing is typically performed on single-screw blown film extruders with 25–30 L/D grooved-feed sections and low-compression barrier screws. Compression ratios between 2.5:1 and 3.0:1 are common. High-shear Maddock sections are usually avoided because they can raise melt temperature above the specified range without changing barrel set points. The barrel temperature profile is normally maintained between 150 °C and 180 °C from the feed zone to the die. Melt temperature should be measured directly at the die because shear heating can raise the material temperature above the set barrel temperature. Melt temperatures above 200 °C accelerate lactide reformation and PLA depolymerization, producing die-lip deposition, increased film odor, and reduced melt strength.
Die design affects melt homogeneity. Spiral mandrel dies are preferred over center-fed spider dies because the latter creates weld lines and longer residence time for a shear-thinning polyester melt. The die gap is typically set between 1.2 mm and 1.8 mm, and the blow-up ratio is maintained at 2.0–2.5:1. Frost-line height is stabilized with chilled air at 8–15 °C. Higher blow-up ratios can improve transverse tensile strength but may reduce machine-direction extensional stress and lower film stiffness; lower blow-up ratios increase machine-direction orientation and may reduce dart impact.
Bubble stability depends on melt temperature uniformity. If the melt temperature falls below 150 °C, the PLA phase may remain insufficiently fused, producing micro-voids at the PLA-PBAT interface. These micro-voids act as stress concentrators under tensile loading and can reduce elongation at break below the expected range. Conversely, excessive melt temperature reduces extensional viscosity and can cause the bubble to sag or oscillate when the frost-line position is not actively controlled.
Film thickness is normally controlled between 15 µm and 80 µm using online gauge scanning. Thickness variation exceeding ±5 % around the bubble circumference produces local thin bands that lower puncture resistance. Winding temperature is controlled below 25 °C; if the film enters the winder above that threshold, the PBAT-rich phase can block, especially on the inner turns of the roll. Surface energy is also relevant; untreated film may show surface energy below 36 mN/m, while flexographic or rotogravure printing typically requires 38–42 mN/m after corona treatment.
Output rate is constrained by the thermal stability of the PLA phase rather than by the melting capacity of the extruder. Lines running below 80 m/min with low nip tension produce the most consistent film. Published data for this specific configuration above 150 m/min is limited. The main bottleneck reported on slower production lines is tension control; the film relaxes after the frost line and forms transverse creases if overstretched at the nip.
Under EN 13432:2000, acceptance requires 90 % biodegradation relative to a positive reference within 180 days under aerobic composting conditions, 90 % disintegration of particles larger than 2 mm within 12 weeks, and ecotoxicity testing for plant germination. Biodegradation is measured according to ISO 14855-1:2012; disintegration is measured according to ISO 16929:2021. The corresponding U.S. frame is ASTM D6400-21, with biodegradation measured under ASTM D5338-15. The manufacturer also references TÜV Austria’s OK compost INDUSTRIAL certification; certificate validity and scope should be confirmed in the certifier’s public database.
| Standard | Scope | Key criterion |
|---|---|---|
| EN 13432:2000 | Packaging recoverable through industrial composting | 90 % biodegradation ≤ 180 days; 90 % disintegration ≤ 12 weeks |
| ASTM D6400-21 | Compostable plastics in municipal and industrial aerobic facilities | 90 % mineralization under ASTM D5338-15 |
| OK compost INDUSTRIAL | TÜV Austria certification scheme | Compliance with EN 13432:2000 requirements |
Industrial compostability does not imply home-compost performance. The thermophilic phase in an industrial compost pile operates above 55 °C and with moisture content near 50 % of water-holding capacity; these conditions accelerate hydrolysis of PLA and enzymatic attack on PBAT. In unmanaged soil or freshwater, degradation is slower and often incomplete within meaningful test intervals. Claims of degradability in unmanaged environments should be supported by ISO 17556:2019 for soil or ISO 14851:2019 for aerobic aquatic conditions.
Film thickness influences disintegration rate. Thick sections above 80 µm may require longer than the 12-week disintegration window if the compost pile lacks active aeration or if the material is not exposed to the thermophilic phase. This is an operational boundary, not a certification failure for standard film thickness; compost operators may screen thicker film residues because they persist longer in the pile.
Neat PLA blown film typically shows tensile modulus of 2500–3500 MPa and elongation at break below 10 %. These values make it unsuitable for bags requiring repeated folding, overpacking, or local deformation. ecovio F2224 reduces tensile modulus to a typical range of 100–200 MPa and increases elongation at break to 250–450 %. The shift is produced by the PBAT-rich phase; however, the film still has higher stiffness than PBAT-only film and lower elongation than PBAT-only film.
The comparison with low-density polyethylene is relevant for bag converters. A standard LDPE bag film has tensile strength of 20–30 MPa and elongation above 500 % according to ISO 527-3. ecovio F2224 has lower ultimate elongation and higher moisture vapor transmission rate. A 30 µm F2224 bag will not replicate the puncture resistance or carrying load of a 30 µm LDPE bag under identical ASTM D1709A and ASTM D5748 conditions. The design response is usually to increase gauge or adjust handle geometry rather than to treat the material as drop-in equivalent.
The following comparative ranges are indicative of material class behavior from blown film studies and are not certification limits for ecovio F2224. Product acceptance must use the current manufacturer technical datasheet and the corresponding release criteria.
| Material class | Test method | Tensile modulus | Elongation at break | Dart drop impact |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ecovio F2224 film, typical | ISO 527-3 | 100–200 MPa | 250–450 % | 200–600 g |
| Neat PLA blown film | ISO 527-3 | 2500–3500 MPa | 2–10 % | <100 g |
| PBAT blown film | ISO 527-3 | 50–150 MPa | 400–700 % | 700–1200 g |
Within the ecovio portfolio, F2224 is positioned specifically for blown film. Grades intended for paper coating, injection molding, or rigid thermoforming are not interchangeable because melt volume rate, PLA-to-PBAT ratio, and additive systems differ. Even within blown film applications, selection among F-series grades should be based on the required balance between stiffness, dart impact, and heat-seal strength.
Heat sealing of ecovio F2224 is performed at 110–130 °C with dwell times of 0.5–1.0 s. Seal strength is measured according to ASTM F88/F88M. The seal strength is lower than LDPE at equivalent thickness and should be validated on the specific packaging line because jaw temperature, pressure, and dwell time interact with the PBAT-rich surface layer. Corona treatment to 38–42 mN/m may reduce seal performance if the surface is overdosed; higher treatment levels can oxidize the sealant surface and lower seal initiation temperature.
Service temperature is limited by the low melting range. Continuous exposure above 50 °C can soften the film and produce creep under load. The material is not intended for hot-fill packaging, retort, or microwave reheating. Softening is characterized under ISO 306; the current datasheet values should be consulted for Vicat softening temperature.
Regulatory compliance for food contact and chemical safety must be confirmed from the manufacturer’s safety data sheet and food-contact statement. REACH and RoHS compliance are typically referenced, but the specific SVHC content and food-contact status depend on the production site and regional regulations. The film does not provide the oxygen barrier of PLA-only film or the moisture barrier of oriented polypropylene.
Storage stability is maintained in sealed, moisture-barrier packaging at 15–25 °C and relative humidity below 60 %. Material that has been partially used should be resealed with desiccant or dried before reintroduction. The manufacturer assigns shelf life; absence of visible pellet agglomeration is not sufficient to prove residual moisture below 0.1 %.
On production lines with 70–120 mesh screen packs and melt filtration, die pressure fluctuations can indicate hydrolytic degradation or screen buildup. Pressure variation of more than ±5 % at constant screw speed is a process deviation that should trigger moisture measurement and melt temperature verification. Because the material is shear-thinning, changes in screw speed do not scale linearly with melt viscosity; this behavior complicates troubleshooting if only the extruder display is used.
Published data for this specific configuration in high-speed bag lines above 150 m/min is limited. On slower lines below 80 m/min, production-scale experience indicates that tension control is the main bottleneck; the film requires lower nip tension than LDPE because the PBAT-rich phase undergoes stress relaxation and can develop transverse creases if overstretched after the frost line.
