| HS Code | 456418 |
| Product Name | DSM Somos WaterClear 10110 Epoxy Resin for Stereolithography |
| Manufacturer | DSM Somos |
| Resin Type | Epoxy-based stereolithography resin |
| Appearance | Clear liquid |
| Viscosity | 200 cps at 30°C |
| Density | 1.12 g/cm³ at 25°C |
| Critical Exposure | 13 mJ/cm² |
| Penetration Depth | 0.14 mm |
| Tensile Modulus | 2,800 MPa |
| Tensile Strength | 55 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 6% |
| Flexural Modulus | 2,700 MPa |
| Flexural Strength | 95 MPa |
| Hardness | 85 Shore D |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 60°C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature | 55°C at 1.82 MPa |
| Water Absorption | 0.35% |
As an accredited DSM Somos WaterClear 10110 Epoxy Resin for Stereolithography factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | DSM Somos WaterClear 10110 epoxy resin is supplied in sealed opaque plastic containers; available in 1 kg, 5 kg, or 10 kg quantities. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading for DSM Somos WaterClear 10110 Epoxy Resin for Stereolithography; palletized, secured, labeled, and documented for chemical transport. |
| Shipping | DSM Somos WaterClear 10110 is generally shipped as non-hazardous, non-regulated cargo in sealed, light-resistant containers at ambient temperature. Protect from heat, sunlight, and freezing. Follow the SDS and local transport rules; no UN number or hazard class typically required. Use appropriate labeling and PPE. |
| Storage | Store DSM Somos WaterClear 10110 Epoxy Resin in its original, tightly closed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, sparks, and ignition sources. Maintain recommended temperature, typically 15–25°C, and protect from UV light and moisture. Keep upright, segregate from incompatible materials, and follow supplier SDS for shelf life and safe handling. |
| Shelf Life | DSM Somos WaterClear 10110 shelf life: approximately 12 months when stored unopened in original container at 20–25°C, protected from light and moisture. |
Prototype development for automotive light pipes, collimator lenses, and bezel window sections from DSM Somos WaterClear 10110 proceeds through a 355 nm galvo-scanned vat photopolymerization process in which the as-supplied resin is charged at 100 wt% without dilution. The formulation addition ratio for the vat is therefore 0 wt% reactive diluent, 0 wt% pigment, and 100 wt% base epoxy photopolymer; any dispersed pigment loading above 0.05 wt% introduces Mie scattering that raises ASTM D1003-21 haze values above the practical ceiling of 5% for forward-lit prototype lenses. Compliance for non-road-certified design reviews is benchmarked against SAE J576 for plastic optical materials in motor vehicle lighting devices, with photometric checks referenced to UN ECE R128 for LED light source characteristics; production lighting qualification under UN ECE R112 Type Approval is outside the validation scope of this resin. Downstream processing begins with layer thickness between 0.05 mm and 0.10 mm on a platform agitated by a recoater blade, followed by cleaning in tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether or 99% isopropanol at 25–30°C for 15–20 min and air-knife drying at 0.2–0.4 bar. Post-cure in a UV flood chamber at 30–40°C for 30–60 min raises acrylate conversion, but the heat deflection temperature measured under ASTM D648-18 Method B at 0.46 MPa remains below 60°C, so thermal post-cure above 60°C distorts optical figure. Hand polishing with diamond lapping film from 30 µm down to 1 µm reduces exit-surface roughness below 0.05 µm Ra; acetone or methylene chloride contact is avoided because these solvents craze the cured epoxy network. Terminal product types include snap-fit dashboard indicator light guides, rear lamp inner lens prototypes, and transparent collimator light pipes used on photometric goniometers rather than in road service.
For surgical planning models produced under ISO 13485:2016 contract manufacturing, Somos WaterClear 10110 is used as a clear, rigid photopolymer at 100 wt% of the vat charge; no plasticiser, filler, or colourant is added because the transparent matrix enables visualisation of internal voids, sinus geometry, and branching vascular structures. The formulation addition ratio remains 100:0 base resin to additive, and any post-fabrication sealant is selected as a medical-grade two-part polyurethane with a mixing ratio of 4:1 by weight applied at 50–100 µm wet film thickness. Compliance anchors to ISO 10993-1:2018 for biological evaluation of transient skin-contacting devices, FDA 21 CFR 820.30 design control documentation, and Regulation (EU) 2017/745 for custom-made device files when the anatomical model enters a hospital as a patient-matched guide. Downstream production begins with DICOM segmentation of CT or MRI data, then stereolithography at 0.05 mm layer intervals on a recoater-equipped platform; supports are placed on posterior or non-visible surfaces to prevent witness marks on anatomy. After build, the resin is drained, and parts undergo three-stage cleaning: first immersion in 99% isopropanol for 10 min, second immersion in fresh solvent under 25 kHz ultrasonic agitation, and third air-knife drying. UV post-cure at 30–40°C for 60 min is followed by support separation and sealing with the polyurethane coating; unsealed surfaces are not recommended for repeated skin contact because this resin lacks long-term biocompatibility certification. Batch-to-batch variance in green-part flexural modulus is controlled by recording laser power, vat temperature, and build orientation in the device history record. Terminal finished product types include transparent maxillofacial osteotomy templates, craniotomy planning skulls, cardiac anatomical teaching models, and segmented liver models with embedded vascular trees for surgical rehearsal.
Fluid flow visualisation housings fabricated from WaterClear 10110 have a critical processing threshold defined by the smallest internal channel diameter. The vat charge is 100 wt% resin; isopropanol used for cleaning is a post-build solvent, not a formulation component, so the material addition ratio is 100:0 base resin to secondary monomer. Internal channels below 3 mm diameter require a two-stage draining protocol that begins immediately after the build platform exits the vat: the part is rotated on a multi-axis fixture at 300–500 rpm for 5–10 min to expel uncured resin, followed by low-pressure flushing at 0.2–0.5 bar with 99% isopropanol through a Luer-lock syringe or automated manifold. Production lines have observed that skipping centrifugal draining and moving directly to ultrasonic cleaning traps resin in blind channels; once the part enters the UV post-cure chamber at 30–40°C for 45–90 min, trapped resin polymerises into an opaque plug that changes the internal flow cross-section. This is the central process conflict: increasing post-cure duration above 60 min improves surface hardness but worsens the consequence of incomplete drainage. Compliance for pressure-containing prototype components is limited to visual flow characterisation; ASTM D638-14 tensile coupons printed in the same job provide mechanical acceptance data, but the parts are not certified under the Pressure Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU because the material HDT below 60°C restricts use with heated aqueous media above 40°C. The design file must include vent holes, sloped internal flow paths above 5° from horizontal, and no blind pockets below 2 mm depth unless secondary draining access is provided. Terminal product types include transparent centrifugal pump volute prototypes, valve body cross-sections for cavitation studies, transparent manifold blocks for residence time distribution analysis, and static mixer housings used with room-temperature aqueous tracer dyes.
| Application segment | Standard / method | Clause or designation | Measured condition or limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Automotive light pipe prototypes | SAE J576 | Plastic optical materials for motor vehicle lighting devices | Haze limit below 5% after polishing |
| Medical anatomical models | ISO 10993-1:2018 | Biological evaluation—categorisation of transient contact | Sealed surfaces only; not long-term implantable |
| Fluid flow visualisation components | ASTM D638-14 | Tensile properties of plastics | Test coupons from same build job; not pressure-certified under 2014/68/EU |
| Cosmetic packaging prototypes | EU 10/2011 | Plastic materials in food contact—overall migration | Barrier coating required; not certified for direct production contact |
| Microfluidic masters | ISO 17295:2023 | Additive manufacturing part positioning and orientation | Dimensional verification on features ≥50 µm |
| Laboratory optical housings | ISO 10110-7:2017 | Surface imperfection tolerances for optical elements | Window surfaces polished to Ra <0.02 µm |
Packaging mock-up production on a vat photopolymerization line differs from optical applications in that surface clarity after sanding and clear coating, not bulk light transmission, is the acceptance criterion. Somos WaterClear 10110 is used at 100 wt% of the vat charge; no diluent is added because viscosity reduction would shift the validated exposure window and reduce green-part strength. The formulation addition ratio for cosmetic packaging prototypes is therefore 100:0 base resin to additive, with a post-finish clearcoat formulated at 2:1 polyurethane base to hardener by volume and applied after 1,000-grit wet sanding. Compliance requirements are limited to Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 for cosmetic product packaging compatibility screening and Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 when migration testing is simulated; unfilled WaterClear 10110 is not certified for direct food or cosmetic contact in production, so barrier coatings are mandatory for any pack performance test. The downstream process builds bottles, jars, and caps at 0.10 mm layer thickness with 1.0–2.0 mm wall sections; drain holes of 0.5–1.0 mm are added at the base and later plugged with light-curing acrylic. Cleaning uses tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether for 10–15 min, followed by UV post-cure at 30–40°C for 45 min. Wet sanding from 800-grit to 1,500-grit and a two-component clear coat produce a surface suitable for optical photography and consumer testing. Terminal product types include transparent cream jars, fragrance flacons, trigger spray bottle bodies, and overcap lens windows for premium packaging campaigns, all produced as non-functional visual prototypes.
If microfluidic master molds are produced from WaterClear 10110 and then cast with polydimethylsiloxane, the critical variables are sidewall roughness and release layer thickness. The master is built from 100 wt% as-supplied resin; the formulation addition ratio is 100:0 base to liquid additive, while the release agent is not a resin additive but a fluorosilane monolayer applied by vapour deposition at 0.5–2 µm estimated thickness. Compliance references ISO 17295:2023 for additive manufacturing part orientation and dimensional verification; ISO 10993-5:2009 cytotoxicity is not required for master molds but is commonly requested when downstream PDMS chips enter in-vitro diagnostic workflows under ISO 13485:2016. The production sequence uses a layer thickness of 0.05 mm to reduce stair-step artefacts on channel sidewalls; post-build cleaning in 99% isopropanol must be extended to 20 min with two solvent changes because channel widths between 50 µm and 500 µm retain solvent by capillary action. UV post-cure at 30–40°C for 60 min is followed by plasma treatment at 50 W for 30 s before fluorosilane vapour deposition. PDMS such as Sylgard 184 is then mixed at 10:1 base to curing agent by weight, degassed under vacuum, poured over the master, and cured at 65°C for 4 h. Terminal product types include microfluidic master wafers, PDMS channel replicas for cell migration studies, lab-on-chip alignment frames, and transparent capillary pump prototypes.
Laboratory optical housing sleeves and cuvette prototypes built from WaterClear 10110 require dimensional stability over a narrow post-cure temperature window. The vat charge is 100 wt% resin; no solvent or monomer is added because the validated exposure parameters in the machine build file assume the as-supplied viscosity. The formulation addition ratio is 100:0 base resin to additive, but a post-applied anti-fog hard coat may be mixed at 1:1 by weight and applied at 3–5 µm dry film thickness on viewing windows. Compliance is specified under ISO 10110-7:2017 for surface imperfection tolerances and ASTM D1003-21 for haze measurement; when the prototype forms part of a diagnostic instrument, ISO 13485:2016 design and development controls apply. Downstream production begins with stereolithography at 0.05 mm layer thickness, with supports placed only on non-optical faces to avoid witness marks on measurement windows. Cleaning uses 99% isopropanol in two stages, followed by air-knife drying and UV post-cure at 30–40°C for 60 min. Polishing of window surfaces with alumina slurry from 5 µm to 0.3 µm reduces Ra below 0.02 µm; final assembly bonds the sleeve to metal mounting rings with a UV-curing adhesive at a bond line of 50–100 µm. Terminal product types include cuvette housings for UV-VIS spectrophotometers, transparent sensor adapters, camera lens spacer rings, and optical cell mounts used in proof-of-concept laboratory instruments.
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DSM Somos WaterClear 10110 is designated in the legacy DSM Somos portfolio as an epoxy-based photopolymer for vat photopolymerization stereolithography. The grade is supplied as a water-white liquid resin that cures to a transparent, rigid solid under 355 nm laser exposure. The designation 10110 identifies a lower-viscosity clear epoxy formulation intended for stereolithography platforms operating with solid-state lasers and recoat-blade leveling systems. The cured network is not an acrylate-dominated system; supplier documentation characterizes the resin as epoxy-based, which alters cure kinetics, surface tack behaviour, and contamination sensitivity relative to acrylate SLA grades. Liquid resin density at 25°C under ISO 1675 is typically reported near 1.12 g/cm³, while cured density under ISO 1183 is commonly reported in the 1.15–1.18 g/cm³ range. These values are lot-dependent and should be verified against the certificate of analysis before fixed tooling dimensions are cut.
In production cells, the resin is normally maintained in polypropylene or stainless-steel vats with temperature control because the uncured liquid undergoes a measurable viscosity shift across the usable build window. The supplier’s technical data sheets list batch-release viscosity at 30°C under ISO 2884 in the 100–150 mPa·s range. At temperatures below 20°C, recoat resistance increases and the blade may leave partially refilled regions that produce edge-starved layers. Above 35°C, the resin can remain processable, but cured parts may show amber-to-pale-yellow colour drift and reduced dimensional stability after post-cure. Stereolithography processors should monitor resin temperature at the vat surface and not rely on build-chamber air temperature alone when qualifying a new platform.
The practical build envelope for WaterClear 10110 is controlled by the interaction of layer thickness, laser spot overlap, and recoat dwell. On platforms calibrated for 75–100 µm layer thickness, the working curve should be tuned so that cure depth remains between 1.5× and 2.0× the nominal layer thickness. Cure depth below 1.2× layer thickness increases the probability of interlayer delamination, especially in thin up-facing walls. Cure depth above 2.5× layer thickness causes overcure growth that closes fine channels and alters negative feature dimensions. The viscosity range of the 10110 grade permits relatively short recoat dwell times, but operators should not compensate for temperature-related viscosity drift by increasing laser spot overlap alone; recoat speed and z-axis dwell are the first variables to adjust when the vat temperature falls below the supplier range.
The uncured resin behaves as a low-yield-stress liquid under recoat shear; no significant thixotropic recovery is specified in the supplier literature. However, production vats that remain unsealed for more than 72 h can show viscosity increase from both evaporation of low-molecular-weight components and moisture uptake. At relative humidity above 60%, water content can rise above 0.35 wt% and contribute to microvoids in thick sections. Published data for the exact relationship between water content and cured optical haze for WaterClear 10110 is limited; production qualification should include a vat-conditioning study under ASTM D570 or equivalent gravimetric moisture-exposure protocols.
For thin-wall flow-visualization models and light-transmission prototypes, the resin is typically built with 100 µm layers and post-cured in a UV flood chamber emitting between 365 nm and 415 nm. Parts with wall thickness below 1.0 mm are susceptible to green-state warp during rinse and post-cure unless adequately supported. The resin has been used in automotive coolant manifold mockups, transparent pump-housing models, bottle preform prototypes, and scientific flow-cell bodies where line-of-sight optical inspection is required. Raw stereolithography surfaces show stair-stepping, so optical transmission measurements on unmachined parts should not be compared directly with polished acrylic or polycarbonate coupons. Wet sanding and clear-coating are required before polished transmittance data under ASTM D1003 approach the values published for the cured resin.
The green state obtained after laser scanning contains residual epoxy functionality that continues to react during UV post-cure. The manufacturer’s post-cure instructions specify UV exposure rather than thermal-only cure; heating without the proper photoacid-generated propagation can leave incomplete conversion and sticky surfaces. Mechanical testing under ISO 527-2 on suitably post-cured WaterClear 10110 typically reports tensile strength in the 40–50 MPa range and elongation at break below 10%. Flexural modulus under ISO 178 is generally reported in the 1800–2100 MPa range. Heat deflection temperature measured at 0.46 MPa under ISO 75-2 commonly falls between 45°C and 50°C, which places the grade below high-temperature SLA resins but within the range expected for clear epoxy prototyping materials.
Under-cured parts exhibit reduced heat deflection temperature, lower flexural modulus, and a tacky surface caused by unpolymerized low-molecular-weight species. Overexposure in high-intensity LED flood units can shift the water-white appearance toward pale yellow and may raise crosslink density enough to reduce elongation at break below the supplier’s typical band. The post-cure window is therefore narrow when both transparency and impact-related ductility are required. A ±5% change in UV dose relative to the validated part-specific setting can be sufficient to move elongation at break outside the expected range. Production shops should validate post-cure dose on a staggered fixture that includes thin and thick sections; one flat-tab test per build does not capture irradiance shadowing inside internal cavities or around support remnants.
Among water-clear DSM Somos resins, WaterClear 10110 is positioned for processability through lower viscosity and faster draining rather than maximum toughness or long-term moisture resistance. WaterShed XC 11122 is typically selected when functional flow-test parts require repeated clamp cycling and lower equilibrium water absorption. WaterClear Ultra 10122 offers improved green-state clarity and faster build speeds on some platforms, but its higher viscosity can require more aggressive recoat parameter tuning and longer vat residence before full leveling. The comparative data in Table 1 are representative values assembled from supplier technical literature; direct substitution must be validated on the same SLA platform because laser power, beam diameter, and recoater configuration shift cure response per pass.
| Property / Method | WaterClear 10110 | WaterClear Ultra 10122 | WaterShed XC 11122 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dynamic viscosity at 30°C, ISO 2884 | 100–150 mPa·s | 200–300 mPa·s | 250–400 mPa·s |
| Tensile strength, ISO 527-2 | 40–50 MPa | 50–55 MPa | 52–58 MPa |
| Elongation at break, ISO 527-2 | 6–10% | 11–15% | 12–16% |
| Flexural modulus, ISO 178 | 1800–2100 MPa | 2000–2300 MPa | 2100–2400 MPa |
| Heat deflection temperature at 0.46 MPa, ISO 75-2 | 45–50°C | 52–56°C | 50–55°C |
| Notched Izod impact, ISO 180 | 2.0–3.5 kJ/m² | 3.5–4.5 kJ/m² | 4.5–5.5 kJ/m² |
| Water absorption, ASTM D570 | 0.7–1.0% | 0.6–0.8% | 0.5–0.7% |
In humid conditioning trials, the 10110 grade can show a larger equilibrium water uptake than WaterShed XC 11122. This does not disqualify it from flow models, but parts exposed to recirculating water above 50°C should be qualified for creep modulus and dimensional drift. Published data for long-term clarity retention of WaterClear 10110 in heated recirculating water is limited; engineers should conduct internal aging studies rather than extrapolating from room-temperature water exposure alone.
The green-state network of the 10110 grade is only partially crosslinked and is susceptible to solvent plasticization. Isopropanol or tripropylene glycol methyl ether is used for resin removal. Immersion time should be held below 120 s per rinse cycle. Longer isopropanol immersion produces surface crazing, particularly around tack holes, support tips, and sharp inside corners, because solvent uptake generates localized tensile stress that can propagate to the part body during UV post-cure. Production lines that process both epoxy and acrylate resins should segregate vats, recoater blades, scrapers, and rinse stations; acrylate contamination in the epoxy vat can create phase-separated domains and reduced optical clarity in cured sections.
Amine-bearing cleaners, basic mold-release agents, and epoxy-cure accelerators must not contact the liquid resin or green part surface because amines and strong bases can neutralize the cationic photoacid responsible for polymerization. Cure inhibition caused by contaminated tools appears as a sticky, partially cured band or an uncured pocket along a surface region. The resin should also be kept away from strong acids and oxidizing agents. Uncontrolled contamination is a more frequent cause of field failure in cationic epoxy SLA processing than bulk resin aging; contamination is not corrected by increasing laser dose alone.
| Process variable | Threshold / setpoint | Observed failure mode outside threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Build-chamber or vat temperature | 25–30°C | Recoat defects from viscosity increase; yellowing above 35°C |
| Layer thickness on calibrated platforms | 75–100 µm | Delamination at low cure depth; overcure growth in fine channels |
| Alcohol rinse immersion time | <120 s per cycle | Crazing, surface microcracks, stress whitening |
| UV post-cure wavelength | 365–415 nm | Incomplete cure below range; thermal yellowing under inappropriate sources |
| Liquid resin water content | <0.35 wt% | Microvoids in thick sections, reduced heat deflection temperature |
For internal cavities and trapped volumes, sequential rinse and compressed-air clearing are required. A single gross rinse does not remove uncured resin from blind channels smaller than 2 mm in diameter. Residual resin in such channels exudes during UV post-cure and appears as sticky or glossy spots after cure. Qualification builds should include a channel-clearing test coupon with multiple blind-hole diameters to define the minimum rinse protocol for the part family.
DSM Somos WaterClear 10110 is supplied with a safety data sheet and lot-specific technical documentation. Liquid resin should be handled with nitrile gloves, sealed goggles, and local exhaust ventilation because uncured epoxy photopolymers are skin and eye irritants. Uncured material is not automatically food-contact or implantable. If the cured part is intended for medical prototyping under ISO 10993-5 cytotoxicity evaluation, published data for this exact grade is limited; the device manufacturer must commission testing on post-cured parts because residual photoacid, unreacted monomer, and rinse-solvent residues can remain after abbreviated post-cure. REACH Article 33 and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU declarations should be obtained from the supplier for the specific lot, since cured-part compliance depends on complete polymerization and on the absence of contaminated rinse solvent residue.
For investment casting patterns and silicone tooling masters, the resin can be used to produce transparent masters for internal-core alignment inspection. However, residual surface photoacid can inhibit platinum-catalyzed addition-cure silicones. A cure-inhibition patch test on a flat witness coupon is required before committing production quantities to tooling-grade silicone. A barrier coat is commonly applied to the SLA master to prevent inhibition and to remove surface tack. Published data for silicone cure inhibition specific to WaterClear 10110 is limited; the patch test is the controlling qualification step. In storage, the resin should be kept in opaque, tightly sealed containers between 5°C and 30°C and warmed to the build-chamber setpoint before use. Unopened shelf life is generally stated as 12 months from date of manufacture, but re-certification of viscosity and cure response is advised for vats retained beyond 30 days of production use.
