| HS Code | 339781 |
| Density | 1.10 g/cm³ |
| Water Absorption | 0.30% |
| Tensile Strength | 90 MPa |
| Tensile Modulus | 12000 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 1.5% |
| Flexural Strength | 140 MPa |
| Flexural Modulus | 9000 MPa |
| Charpy Impact Notched | 5 kJ/m² |
| Charpy Impact Unnotched | 45 kJ/m² |
| Heat Deflection Temperature | 180 °C |
| Melting Temperature | 178 °C |
| Flammability | HB (UL94) |
As an accredited CRP Technology Windform XT 2.0 IMG Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nylon PA 12 for Injection Molding factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied as 25 kg sealed moisture-proof polyethylene bags in reinforced cartons, ready for injection molding. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL shipment of Windform XT 2.0 IMG carbon fiber reinforced nylon PA 12 pellets, securely palletized in sealed bags. |
| Shipping | Shipment is made in sealed, moisture-resistant bags to protect the carbon fiber reinforced PA 12 pellets from humidity and contamination. Packaged on sturdy pallets with protective wrapping, it ships via standard ground or air freight. Handle with care to avoid bag damage; store in a cool, dry area. |
| Storage | Store Windform XT 2.0 IMG in its original, sealed container in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep the environment low-humidity to prevent moisture absorption, which can degrade the carbon fiber reinforced PA12 matrix. After opening, reseal tightly and use promptly. Drying may be required before injection molding. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 24 months from manufacture when stored unopened in a cool, dry, sealed container, away from moisture and heat. |
CRP Technology Windform XT 2.0 IMG is a carbon fiber reinforced PA12 injection molding compound whose melt-phase behavior cannot be inferred from laser-sintering data for the same chemistry. The IMG variant passes through a non-return valve, hot runner, and compressible melt cushion; fiber length distribution, shear heating, and packing response therefore differ from powder-bed fusion. Application qualification must use injection molded ISO 527-2 specimens, not SLS tensile bars. Residual moisture before molding is controlled to ≤ 0.10 wt%; at 23°C/50% RH the PA12 matrix absorbs approximately 0.8–1.0 wt% water at equilibrium, which is lower than glass-filled PA6 or PA66 and reduces dimensional shift in humid industrial air. The material is not a proportional drop-in for glass-filled PA66 above 120°C continuous service. The following scenarios separate real downstream sectors by compliance, tooling, and processing constraints rather than by generic application language.
In electric power steering torque sensor housings, the carbon-filled PA12 bracket is molded as a thin-wall carrier that positions the sensing element relative to the steering column. The part must survive thermal shock cycling per ISO 16750-4, vibration, and repeated fastener torque without shifting the sensor zero point. Glass-filled PA66 remains the common choice in this sector; carbon-filled PA12 is specified when the OEM imposes a moisture absorption limit or when the housing sees calcium chloride road deicing compounds that stress-crack PA66. Melt temperature is held between 260°C and 285°C, mold temperature between 90°C and 110°C, and hold pressure between 50 MPa and 60 MPa on the polymer. A single edge gate is located at the outer flange so that carbon fiber orientation follows the primary vibration axis. Multiple pin gates are avoided because knit lines in a torque sensor housing can alter the zero point after assembly. The finished component is a black, low-gloss housing with a flatness tolerance of 0.2 mm over 80 mm, achieved by differential cooling and post-mold shimming. Moisture is verified by Karl Fischer titration before processing; lots above 0.08 wt% are dried for 8 h at 80°C with a dew point below -30°C. Production-scale machines use a 20:1 L/D screw with a chrome-plated non-return valve. Gate inserts are hardened to 54–56 HRC because carbon fiber fill erodes conventional H13 gate surfaces within 30,000–50,000 cycles.
Pneumatic cylinder end caps molded from carbon-filled PA12 are used in plant-air systems where the PA12 matrix avoids the moisture expansion behavior of PA6. The failure risk is not the homogeneous wall section but the weld line created by two-gate or four-gate filling. Tensile strength at a carbon-filled polyamide knit line can be 30–50% lower than the bulk material; burst pressure is therefore governed by weld-line orientation and degree of fusion. For a 2 mm wall end cap with a 40 mm diameter, mold temperature is set at the upper end of the PA12-CF range, 100–120°C, to delay freezing at the meeting flow front. Injection speed is kept above 200 mm/s; below this, the carbon fibers form a frozen skin that blocks transverse interdiffusion at the weld line. The tool uses a full-round runner or a valve-gated hot runner with sequential valve opening. Sequential gating removes the weld line but raises fill pressure by 15–30% and may require higher clamp force. The end cap is proof-tested at 1.5 times maximum working pressure at 23°C and 60°C. If the weld line passes through a port thread root, the part can crack at the thread run-out during assembly torque before reaching burst pressure.
The processing window is narrow because melt temperature cannot be raised indefinitely to improve weld strength. Above 285°C, PA12 releases volatile products and the carbon fiber sizing can degrade, producing splay and lower notched impact strength measured by ISO 179-1/1eA. Barrel residence time is limited to 8 min at full melt temperature. Production stops longer than 15 min require purging with unfilled PA12. The table below separates practical settings by wall thickness for this application class. Values are starting points for a 20:1 to 24:1 L/D three-zone screw and should be shifted according to actual spiral flow length. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; therefore gate shear rate should be kept below approximately 80,000 s-1 to reduce fiber attrition.
| Wall thickness | Melt temperature | Mould temperature | Injection speed | Hold pressure | Risk control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 1.5 mm | 270–285°C | 100–120°C | 220–320 mm/s | 50–70 MPa | Sequential valve gating; verify no jetting |
| 1.5–3.0 mm | 260–275°C | 90–110°C | 150–220 mm/s | 45–60 MPa | Balance hot runner; avoid overpack at gate |
| > 3.0 mm | 250–265°C | 80–100°C | 80–150 mm/s | 40–55 MPa | Core out thick sections; longer hold time |
Unmanned aerial system airframe gussets and gimbal isolation brackets are injection molded as low-mass structural nodes that connect carbon fiber tubes to aluminium hinges. The PA12 matrix offers better fatigue resistance than unfilled nylon and lower moisture uptake than PA6, which matters when the airframe is stored in humid coastal conditions. The finished part is typically a black, ribbed bracket with wall thickness between 1.0 mm and 1.8 mm; ribs are limited to 0.6 times the nominal wall to prevent sink. Compliance is governed by the airframer’s design manual rather than a single ISO standard, but tensile testing per ISO 527-2 and impact testing per ISO 179-1/1eA are normally included in the material specification. The tool uses a hot runner with a valve gate at the centre of the bracket. Multiple sub-gates are avoided because knit lines near the tube-clamping boss can fail under repeated screw preload. Mold temperature is set to 90°C and held with a pressurised water unit. If mold temperature falls below 80°C, the surface freezes before fibers orient, producing a resin-rich face that delaminates under cyclic loading. Injection speed is 180–250 mm/s, with screw retraction decompression adjusted to prevent drool from the valve gate. Production-scale systems use a 22:1 L/D screw with a bimetallic barrel; screw wear is monitored by MVR per ISO 1133-1 at a grade-specific temperature and load.
Industrial chemical transfer pumps that handle aliphatic hydrocarbons, water-glycol, and non-oxidizing process fluids use carbon-filled PA12 for impeller back plates, wear rings, and mounting flanges. The carbon fiber phase reduces creep under radial load; long-term resistance is measured by ISO 899-1, not by short-term tensile modulus alone. In a 3 mm to 5 mm wall back plate, the injection molded part requires packing at 45–55 MPa for 10 s/mm of nominal wall to prevent sink at the hub. Mold temperature is kept at 80–100°C, and the mold is designed with wide, shallow vents at 0.01–0.015 mm depth to evacuate volatile moisture without flash. The material is not resistant to strong acids, strong bases, or polar solvents; compatibility must be confirmed by immersion testing in the actual process fluid per ISO 175, because swelling can separate the fiber-matrix interface before visible degradation appears. The finished back plate is machined flat on the sealing face after molding; carbon fiber fill requires diamond tooling because conventional carbide inserts wear after 50–100 parts.
The operational boundary for PA12 limits this application to transfer pumps rather than high-temperature reactor feed pumps. Continuous exposure above 120°C in hydrocarbon service can reduce tensile strength by more than 25% relative to dry as-molded values. The design safety factor is therefore set at 2.0 on burst pressure when the service fluid temperature exceeds 60°C. If the part is used in an electrically classified area, static accumulation on the insulating polymer surface must be assessed. Standard carbon-filled PA12 is not inherently conductive unless the carbon fiber network is continuous. Surface resistivity should be measured per IEC 62631-3-2 if electrostatic discharge is a concern.
When orthotic shell attachment points are converted from vacuum-formed sheet to injection molding, carbon-filled PA12 is used for dynamic ankle-foot orthosis struts and adjustable hinge blocks. The injection molded strut requires dimensional tolerances tighter than ±0.15 mm at the hinge bore, and the carbon fiber loading reduces cold creep that otherwise widens the bore under repeated dorsiflexion. The material is not intended for permanent implant contact. For skin-contacting devices, cytotoxicity is assessed per ISO 10993-5, and the device is held under ISO 13485 quality system controls. Mechanical testing follows ISO 22523 for external orthoses, with tensile and flexural properties from ISO 527-2 and ISO 178.
The process differs from industrial PA12-CF work because release-agent contamination is restricted. The mold is run with a silicone-free, medical-grade release agent; melt temperature is lowered to 255–270°C to reduce volatile degradation products, and mold temperature is held at 90°C. After ejection, the strut is annealed at 120°C for 2 h in a circulating-air oven to relax molded-in stress and stabilise the hinge bore. Annealing can increase crystallinity and slightly reduce impact toughness; notched impact is therefore measured after annealing per ISO 179-1/1eA, not on as-molded bars.
| Sector | Standard or directive | Test condition | Acceptance criterion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Automotive EPS housing | ISO 16750-4 | Thermal shock cycling | No crack; defined by OEM |
| Pneumatic end cap | ISO 175, pressure proof | 1.5 × maximum working pressure at 23°C/60°C | No leakage or crack at thread root |
| UAV gusset | ISO 527-2, ISO 179-1/1eA | Dry as-molded | Set by airframer design manual |
| Pump back plate | ISO 899-1, ISO 175 | Immersion in process fluid | Tensile retention defined after field trial |
| Orthotic strut | ISO 22523, ISO 10993-5 | Post-anneal mechanical and cytotoxicity | No cytotoxic effect; mechanical limits in device file |
| Motorsport plenum | UL 94, thermal soak | 1.5 mm specimen; -30°C to 120°C | HB minimum unless FR variant qualified |
A carbon-filled PA12 intake plenum or fluid reservoir is used in motorsport where the part must survive a short under-bonnet soak after engine shutdown. The air inlet plenum sees negative pressure pulses; the carbon fiber reinforcement raises hoop stiffness and reduces wall vibration. The moulding is typically a two-shell design that is vibration welded or laser welded. The welding process requires the mating faces to be free of carbon-rich skin, so the tool is gated to place the weld surface on a resin-rich flow front. Melt temperature is set at 265–280°C, mold temperature at 95–110°C, and injection speed at 200–300 mm/s for walls between 1.8 mm and 2.5 mm. The part is pressure tested at 1.2–1.5 bar and then thermal cycled between -30°C and 120°C. The upper service limit for a short soak is 150°C; at this temperature, the PA12 matrix softens and continuous load-bearing is not permissible. The material is typically UL 94 HB at 1.5 mm; if a cockpit-facing part requires UL 94 V-0, the carbon-filled PA12 grade is not appropriate unless a flame-retardant variant is separately validated.
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CRP Technology Windform XT 2.0 IMG is a carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 12 compound configured for injection molding. The IMG modifier distinguishes the melt-processable grade from the laser-sintering powder form of the same Windform XT 2.0 family. The material is specified for high-volume production of stiff, lightweight structural components where unreinforced PA 12 lacks modulus and where powder bed fusion is not economically appropriate. In the published datasheet for sintered Windform XT 2.0, tensile strength is 83.8 MPa under ISO 527-1/-2, tensile modulus is 8920 MPa, elongation at break is 3.8%, flexural strength is 129 MPa under ISO 178, flexural modulus is 7330 MPa, and heat deflection temperature is 173 °C at 1.82 MPa under ISO 75-2. Because the injection molding grade is processed from melt rather than sintered powder, fiber length, fiber orientation, internal porosity, and surface texture differ from the additive-manufacturing reference. The sintered values should not be transferred directly to molded component design without correcting for gate location, wall thickness, and weld line placement.
Powder bed fusion fabricates parts layer by layer. The mechanical response of sintered Windform XT 2.0 is typically higher in the build plane than in the thickness direction because interlayer particle coalescence may remain incomplete. Injection molded IMG parts do not contain a periodic layer interface, but they develop flow-induced anisotropy. Short carbon fibers align with the melt front during mold filling, producing a skin-core structure in which the outer layers are highly oriented and the core may contain more transverse or random fiber orientation depending on gate geometry and injection speed. Tensile modulus measured along the injection flow direction can exceed cross-flow modulus by 20% to 40% in short carbon fiber reinforced PA 12 compounds. Weld lines in molded parts may retain only 30% to 60% of unwelded flow-path tensile strength because carbon fibers do not readily bridge converging melt fronts. These ranges are common to short carbon fiber PA 12 systems and are not exclusive to Windform XT 2.0 IMG, but they define the design limits for load-bearing features.
Injection molding also eliminates residual porosity that can be present in laser-sintered PA 12 parts, provided that drying, venting, and packing pressure are controlled. Molded surfaces are generally smoother and more uniform than sintered surfaces, and the process offers shorter cycle times for series production. However, production requires hardened tool steel, runner systems, gate freeze-off control, and mold cooling circuits. The IMG grade is therefore used when repeatability and throughput justify tooling investment. For low-volume or highly internalized geometries, powder bed fusion may remain the preferred route because of mold complexity and tooling cost.
Material qualification for IMG should follow injection molded specimen preparation under ISO 294-1 and ISO 294-4. Test specimens should be conditioned to ISO 1110 or ISO 291 class 23/50 before comparison because PA 12 absorbs moisture and can plasticize. The following table records the commonly cited laser-sintering reference for Windform XT 2.0 and the method notes relevant to IMG.
| Property | Method / condition | Reported reference or IMG processing note |
|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 1.10 g/cm³ for laser-sintered Windform XT 2.0; IMG melt-compounded value may vary with fiber loading. |
| Tensile strength | ISO 527-1/-2, 5 mm/min | 83.8 MPa laser-sintered reference; flow-direction molded specimens may exceed this value if fiber attrition is limited. |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-1/-2, 1 mm/min | 8920 MPa laser-sintered reference; injection molded values are strongly orientation-dependent. |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-1/-2 | 3.8% laser-sintered reference; weld lines and high fiber orientation reduce failure strain. |
| Flexural strength | ISO 178, 2 mm/min | 129 MPa laser-sintered reference. |
| Flexural modulus | ISO 178 | 7330 MPa laser-sintered reference. |
| Heat deflection temperature | ISO 75-2, 1.82 MPa, flatwise | 173 °C laser-sintered reference; molded HDT depends on fiber orientation and annealing. |
| Charpy notched impact | ISO 179-1/1eA | Published IMG-specific value is limited; carbon fiber PA 12 notched impact is highly sensitive to fiber length and moisture condition. |
| Melting point | ISO 11357-3 | 181 °C reported for sintered Windform XT 2.0; may be used to set an initial melt processing range. |
Because injection molded values are geometry-dependent, incoming lot validation should include flow-direction and cross-flow tensile specimens cut from plaques molded with the same gate configuration as production tooling. Hardened reciprocating screws with L/D ratios between 20:1 and 24:1 and wear-resistant nonreturn valves are used to limit fiber length attrition. Carbon fiber abrasion accelerates wear on screw flights, barrels, and hot runner tips; nitrided or carbide-coated surfaces are specified for medium-volume production. Unprotected general-purpose screws may show measurable wear in shorter campaigns than unfilled PA 12, although published IMG-specific wear rates are limited.
PA 12 absorbs moisture; hydrolytic degradation at melt temperatures reduces molecular weight and produces surface splay. Desiccant drying at 80 °C for 4 h to 6 h to a residual moisture level ≤0.10% is required before molding. When ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%, hopper residence time should be limited or a closed hopper dryer should be used. Melt temperature for carbon fiber reinforced PA 12 is typically maintained between 230 °C and 260 °C. Barrel profiles may be set with a feed zone near 210 °C to 230 °C, a compression zone at 240 °C to 250 °C, a metering zone at 250 °C to 260 °C, and a nozzle at 250 °C to 260 °C. These are initial setpoints for carbon fiber reinforced PA 12 compounds and must be tuned because fiber loading changes shear heating and melt temperature.
Capillary rheometry under ISO 11443 is more representative than melt volume flow rate because carbon fiber packs in a melt indexer. Apparent shear viscosity at 1000 s-1 and a melt temperature of 250 °C should be used to establish injection pressure. Fiber orientation reduces shear thinning in the skin and increases apparent viscosity at low shear rates compared with unfilled PA 12. Injection pressure is adjusted to gate geometry and wall thickness; typical carbon fiber PA 12 ranges from 60 MPa to 100 MPa. Back pressure from 0.5 MPa to 1.5 MPa is used to homogenize fiber dispersion without excessive fiber breakage. Screw rotation speeds of 50 rpm to 100 rpm reduce shear heating. These ranges are typical for carbon fiber reinforced PA 12 compounds and should be verified with the IMG supplier because fiber loading and sizing chemistry shift melt viscosity.
| Processing parameter | Suggested range for carbon fiber reinforced PA 12 compounds | Notes / equipment |
|---|---|---|
| Drying temperature / time | 80 °C / 4 h to 6 h | Desiccant dryer, dew point -30 °C or lower, residual moisture ≤0.10% |
| Melt temperature | 230 °C to 260 °C | Melt pyrometer in nozzle body; not barrel setpoint alone |
| Mold temperature | 60 °C to 100 °C | Mold surface thermocouple; higher values reduce molded-in stress and increase crystallinity |
| Injection pressure | 60 MPa to 100 MPa | Machine-specific, based on pressure drop through gate and runner |
| Back pressure | 0.5 MPa to 1.5 MPa | Lower within range to preserve fiber length |
| Screw rotation speed | 50 rpm to 100 rpm | Use surface speed limit and avoid excessive shear heating |
Extended residence beyond the recommended window degrades the PA 12 matrix and the carbon fiber sizing. A pause longer than 15 min at processing temperature should be followed by purging before resumed molding. Mold temperature affects crystallization. Polyamide 12 crystallizes relatively slowly compared with PA 6 or PA 66; at mold temperatures between 60 °C and 100 °C, parts develop a semicrystalline structure with governed shrinkage. Carbon fibers reduce overall linear mold shrinkage to a range commonly reported for carbon fiber reinforced PA 12 compounds of 0.10% to 0.40% under ISO 294-4, compared with 0.7% to 1.5% for unfilled PA 12. The reduction is not isotropic: shrinkage along the fiber orientation is lower than transverse shrinkage, and thick sections can exhibit differential shrinkage through the wall.
Short carbon fibers alter the rheology of the melt. Apparent viscosity is higher than neat PA 12 at low shear rates; at injection molding shear rates from 103 s-1 to 105 s-1, fiber alignment reduces viscosity growth and may produce pronounced shear-thinning behavior. Gate runners should avoid abrupt changes in cross-section because stagnation zones permit fiber accumulation. Weld-line placement is governed by gate locations and melt front meeting angles. For high-stiffness carbon fiber reinforced PA 12, knit line strength retention is lower than for unfilled PA 12; parts should be gated so that weld lines occur outside highly loaded zones. When weld lines cannot be avoided, flow leaders or overflow wells are used to move knit planes away from critical sections.
Carbon fiber also increases the anisotropy of thermal expansion. Unfilled PA 12 typically exhibits a linear coefficient of thermal expansion of 100 ×10-6 K-1 to 150 ×10-6 K-1 under ISO 11359-2; carbon fiber loaded PA 12 can reduce flow-direction values below 40 ×10-6 K-1. Molded parts may warp if differential cooling or orientation creates nonuniform thermal expansion. Tooling design therefore requires mold-flow simulation with fiber orientation tensors rather than isotropic shrinkage assumptions. Dimensional inspection should include length, width, and thickness measurements after conditioning to ISO 291 class 23/50, because PA 12 dimensions shift with moisture uptake.
Short carbon fiber has lower density than glass fiber, so at equal fiber volume fraction, carbon fiber reinforced PA 12 density is approximately 1.04 g/cm³ to 1.10 g/cm³, while a 30% glass-filled PA 12 is often near 1.25 g/cm³ to 1.35 g/cm³. The carbon fiber tensile modulus typically exceeds 230 GPa, while E-glass modulus is 72 GPa to 76 GPa, producing higher specific stiffness at comparable fiber volume. Compared with unfilled PA 12, the carbon fiber compound shifts tensile modulus from approximately 1.5 GPa to values above 5 GPa, but it reduces elongation at break and notched impact toughness. The material should not be specified for living hinges or snap-fit geometries that require high strain unless strain limits are confirmed by molded prototype testing.
Compared with glass-filled PA 12, the carbon fiber grade can also reduce surface resistivity, which may require evaluation in electronic housings or near live conductors. Compliance with REACH and RoHS 2011/65/EU should be confirmed for the specific IMG compound because carbon fiber sizing and additives may contain substances subject to declaration. Food-contact or potable-water use is not automatic under EU 10/2011 or 21 CFR 177.1500; migration testing for the IMG grade is required if such exposure is intended.
Medium to high volume molding of structural mounts, sensor housings, and mechanical brackets is possible when the tooling is hardened and gate locations are selected to place weld lines in low-stress regions. The compound is processed on conventional single-screw injection molding machines equipped with wear-resistant barrels, screws, and nonreturn valves. Molders should monitor check ring wear, gate wear, and shot-to-shot cushion stability because carbon fiber loading accelerates mechanical erosion. Regrind use should be validated by tensile and impact testing under ISO 527-1/-2 and ISO 179-1/1eA before introduction into production lots. If an application requires stable electrical insulation, repeated impact loading, or long-term creep performance, the IMG grade must be tested under the relevant end-use conditioning standard because published IMG-specific fatigue and creep data are limited. Long-term load-bearing parts therefore require short-term ISO 527-1/-2 data to be supplemented by creep rupture testing under ISO 899-1 or application-specific validation.
