| HS Code | 271349 |
| Polymer Type | High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) |
| Comonomer | Hexene-1 |
| Density | 0.945 g/cm³ |
| Melt Flow Rate | 0.45 g/10 min (190°C/2.16 kg) |
| Melt Flow Ratio | 95 |
| Tensile Strength At Yield | 25 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 30 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 600% |
| Flexural Modulus | 1100 MPa |
| Notched Izod Impact At 23 C | 80 J/m |
| Environmental Stress Crack Resistance | >1000 h |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 127°C |
| Brittleness Temperature | < -70°C |
| Shore D Hardness | 65 |
| Melting Point | 130°C |
| Water Absorption | <0.01% |
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.40 W/m·K |
| Coefficient Of Linear Thermal Expansion | 1.2E-4 /°C |
As an accredited Braskem HDPE GM9450F factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Braskem HDPE GM9450F is supplied in 25 kg polyethylene bags, with 1,000 kg bulk bags and bulk truck delivery available. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Braskem HDPE GM9450F loaded in a 20′ FCL container as palletized 25 kg bags, securely stowed for ocean shipment. |
| Shipping | Braskem HDPE GM9450F is typically shipped as non-hazardous polyethylene pellets in 25 kg bags, jumbo bags, or bulk trucks/railcars. Keep containers closed, dry, and away from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. No special dangerous-goods classification is required; follow standard polymer handling and storage practices. |
| Storage | Store Braskem HDPE GM9450F in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area at ambient temperature, away from direct sunlight, heat, ignition sources, and oxidizers. Keep original bags or containers closed to prevent moisture, dust, and contamination. Avoid prolonged UV exposure and excessive stacking. Use clean handling equipment and follow local regulations and the supplier’s SDS. |
| Shelf Life | Approximately two years when stored in original packaging, in a dry, ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat, and moisture. |
In monolayer UN-certified jerrican production for liquid hazardous chemical export, Braskem HDPE GM9450F is not qualified as a raw-material input but as part of a design-type packaging system under UN 3H1. The certification chain links the resin lot, the blow moulding process, and the finished container wall to performance tests in 49 CFR 178.603 for drop, 49 CFR 178.605 for hydraulic pressure, and 49 CFR 178.606 for stacking; the parallel ADR/RID requirements in Chapter 6.1 and the UN Model Regulations Part 4 place the same test sequence on the design-type certificate. In this scenario the formulation is deliberately narrow: the container is blown from 100 wt% GM9450F at first start-up, and only internally generated clean regrind from the same certified jerrican is re-introduced at 20 wt% where the design-type test report explicitly records that loading. Regrind stored uncovered at relative humidity above 70% is dried at 60 °C for 2 h before hopper loading to prevent surface-splay defects at the parison wall; contamination by polypropylene cap fragments above 1 wt% is controlled by densimetric separation because polypropylene domains reduce pinch-off weld strength under drop impact. On a shuttle blow moulding machine with 80 mm screw diameter and 24:1 L/D barrel, a grooved feed throat is kept at 50–70 °C, barrel zones rise from 160 °C near the throat to 195 °C at the die head, and the accumulator head maintains a melt temperature of 190 °C with a control band of ±5 °C; a 20-point parison programmer moves the die gap from 1.0 mm to 3.5 mm to offset swell and sag. The blown wall is maintained at 2.0–2.4 mm on the thinnest sidewall panel, as verified by ultrasonic thickness mapping, because the UN drop test failure mode on 20 L jerricans typically initiates at the lower chime where pinch-off flash meets the mould parting line. Finished products are 20 L and 25 L UN 3H1 jerricans with tamper-evident closures used for detergent intermediates, liquid fertilizers, and sodium hypochlorite solutions within the tested compatibility limits of the specific design-type certificate.
In the same UN-certified container class, the operational boundary is defined by batch-to-batch melt-flow stability. If incoming GM9450F lot MFR measured under ASTM D1238-20 at 190 °C/2.16 kg shifts by more than ±0.05 g/10 min from the qualified baseline, parison length must be re-centred on the shuttle machine before the wall-thickness profile can be held at 2.0–2.4 mm; otherwise the lower chime wall thins below 1.8 mm and the drop test failure probability increases. This is the principal production-scale failure mode observed on shuttle equipment with accumulator heads, not tensile rupture of the HDPE but drop-impact cracking at the pinch-off weld and chime.
In agrochemical bottle co-extrusion, the structural load-bearing layers are assigned to GM9450F because its high-molecular-weight character resists environmental stress cracking when the bottle wall contacts ester-type solvents and surfactant-loaded wetting agents. The formulation ratio is defined by parison mass: GM9450F occupies 68–78 wt% in the inner product-contact and outer structural skins, maleic-anhydride-grafted tie resin 2–4 wt%, EVOH barrier 4–7 wt%, and multilayer regrind 15–25 wt% buried in the core layer. The compliance anchor for non-dangerous formulations is the FAO/WHO pesticide packaging framework plus finished-container permeability screening; when the liquid is classified as dangerous goods, the completed package is tested as a UN design-type system under the same 49 CFR / UN Model Regulations sequence used for monolayer jerricans, with additional barrier-layer integrity evaluation after drop and stacking. The processing boundary is set by EVOH degradation: the EVOH extruder is kept at 195–205 °C for ethylene grades of 32–38 mol%, while the GM9450F skins are run at 185–200 °C; a five-layer die with a 1.2–1.8 mm land gap is used, and the co-extruded parison is inflated at 0.55–0.70 MPa. If the viscosity ratio between the tie resin and the GM9450F skin exceeds 3:1 at shear rates of 100–500 s⁻¹, layer encapsulation and wavy interface instabilities are observed at the bottle shoulder, which later become starting points for delamination when filled containers are hot-stacked at 40–45 °C. The terminal products are 1 L, 3 L, and 5 L containers for emulsifiable concentrates, oily dispersions, and high-ionic-standard liquid fertilizer formulations.
Pharmaceutical tablet containers blow molded from GM9450F with nominal sidewalls of 1.2 mm are qualified through USP <661.1> for plastic packaging system suitability, Ph. Eur. 3.1.3 for polyolefin additive release, and FDA 21 CFR 177.1520(c) for food-contact olefin polymers when the container is used for oral solid dosage forms in the United States. The formulation ratio is restricted to 100 wt% virgin GM9450F when the bottle contacts dry tablets; titanium dioxide pharmaceutical masterbatch is admitted at 1–2 wt% for light-opacity requirements, and no plant regrind is introduced unless the cleanroom line has validated metal detection and wash-down protocols. Blow moulding is performed on a 45 mm extruder with 20:1 L/D and a polished screw, with barrel zones set from 165 °C to 190 °C, and the blow air is filtered through a 0.45 µm membrane to avoid contamination of the interior neck finish. The parison drop time is controlled to ±0.3 s because neck finish ovality in the 60 mL, 100 mL, and 150 mL bottle programme exceeds ±0.1 mm when the melt temperature drifts below 180 °C; this ovality is the principal cause of thread-leak defects in child-resistant closure assembly. Published data for GM9450F in this exact bottle configuration is limited; the tablet-container line is therefore re-validated against USP <671> closure integrity and simulated dispensing torque after any change in regrind policy or masterbatch source. The terminal article is an amber or opaque high-density polyethylene tablet bottle tested for closure integrity under USP <671> and for stress cracking when subjected to the supplier’s simulated dispensing torque.
In lubricant bottle production, the durability of GM9450F is judged at the pinch-off weld rather than in the flat sidewall, because the weld is where co-axial orientation freezes last and where melt-bank displacement creates a local density dropout. The compliance programme uses ASTM D1693-15 Condition A with 10% Igepal CO-630 solution at 50 °C, supplemented by ISO 16770:2019 full-notch creep for high-stress cap-neck geometries and ISO 8318:2000 for transport drop performance of filled packs. The formulation is 100 wt% GM9450F for first-line qualification; after baseline data are stable, clean in-house regrind is blended at 20–30 wt%, and the incoming melt flow rate of the blend is measured under ASTM D1238-20 at 190 °C/2.16 kg with an acceptance band of ±0.05 g/10 min from the virgin baseline. UV-stabilized outdoor-storage grades are made with 1–2 wt% hindered-amine-plus-benzotriazole masterbatch, while lubricant-compatible blue or grey concentrate is dosed at 0.5–1.0 wt%. The process is run on a rotary wheel blow moulder with 12 stations, melt temperature maintained at 190–200 °C, mould cooling water at 10–15 °C, and blow air at 0.6 MPa; when calibrated dies are used for 1 L and 5 L oil bottles, the pinch-off flash thickness is kept below 0.4 mm because folding of thicker flash into the bottle chime gives crack initiation sites under the ESCR test but not necessarily in the initial tensile test. The terminal products are 1 L and 5 L motor oil and hydraulic lubricant containers.
For under-hood washer reservoirs and coolant overflow bottles, the key qualification is not chemical compatibility alone but retention of flexural modulus after heat and UV ageing. The component-level specification commonly used on automotive programmes requires ISO 4892-2 xenon arc exposure at 1,000 h with a delta-b threshold, ISO 9227 neutral salt spray at 240 h for bracket inserts, and ISO 178 flexural modulus measured before and after ageing. The resin addition ratio is held at 98 wt% GM9450F with 2 wt% carbon black masterbatch, because carbon black content below 1.5 wt% leads to accelerated surface oxidation in UVA wavelengths between 340 nm and 370 nm. A wall thickness of 2.5–3.0 mm is specified at the mounting bosses because the pinch-off line around a boss should not fall below 1.8 mm; otherwise bracket-load cracks appear after engine-bay vibration testing. Accumulator-head blow moulding with moving mould or 3D suction blow moulding is used to reduce flash at the boss and bracket seats, with GM9450F melt temperature kept at 195–205 °C and mould cooling at 12–18 °C. Welded boss inserts are avoided when possible because the rigid insert edge becomes a stress concentrator in cold-impact testing at -30 °C; moulded-in bosses from the same HDPE grade are preferred. Finished components are 3–5 L windshield washer reservoirs and coolant overflow bottles with a service-temperature boundary of -30 °C to 80 °C for the HDPE shell.
| Downstream segment | GM9450F mass fraction | Additive / regrind ratio | Primary compliance anchor |
|---|---|---|---|
| UN-certified jerrican | 80–100 wt% | 0–20 wt% clean regrind | UN 3H1, 49 CFR 178.603, 49 CFR 178.605, 49 CFR 178.606 |
| Agrochemical five-layer bottle | 68–78 wt% | 4–7 wt% EVOH, 2–4 wt% tie, 15–25 wt% regrind | FAO/WHO pesticide framework, UN design-type for dangerous goods |
| Pharmaceutical tablet bottle | 100 wt% | 1–2 wt% TiO₂ masterbatch | USP <661.1>, Ph. Eur. 3.1.3, FDA 21 CFR 177.1520(c) |
| Lubricant bottle | 70–80 wt% virgin | 20–30 wt% regrind, 0.5–1.0 wt% colorant, 1–2 wt% UV masterbatch | ASTM D1693-15, ISO 16770:2019, ISO 8318:2000 |
| Washer reservoir / coolant bottle | 98 wt% | 2 wt% carbon black masterbatch | ISO 4892-2, ISO 9227, ISO 178 |
Where high-ESCR detergent bottles are produced with post-consumer recyclate, the line qualification for GM9450F focuses on the retention of stress-crack resistance after the PCR blend has passed through the extruder screen pack. The compliance anchor is ASTM D1693-15 Condition A for environmental stress-crack resistance and ISO 22088-3 for constant-strain plastic behavior, with ASTM D256-23 used for cap-seat impact. The formulation is limited to 70 wt% GM9450F and 30 wt% post-consumer HDPE in the first qualification; increases toward 50 wt% PCR are accepted only after the lot is screened by differential scanning calorimetry for polypropylene contamination below 2 wt%, because polypropylene contamination above that threshold increases melt pressure variation and reduces pinch-off weld strength. A 60-mesh screen pack is used continuously, and the melt pressure differential across the screen is logged; replacement is initiated at 2.0 MPa differential to avoid gel formation visible as parison shark-skin. The process runs at 190–195 °C melt temperature, with mould cooling water at 8–12 °C to reduce handle distortion in 5 L laundry bottles. The terminal products are 500 mL, 1 L, and 5 L laundry detergent and hand dish liquid bottles, excluding hypochlorite bleach packaging unless a separate high-ESCR formula is qualified under lot-specific testing.
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Braskem HDPE GM9450F is a high-molecular-weight high-density polyethylene film extrusion grade intended primarily for tubular blown film conversion. The nominal melt flow rate is 0.45 g/10 min at 190 °C under 2.16 kg load when tested in accordance with ISO 1133-1:2022, and the nominal density is 0.953 g/cm³ when measured according to ISO 1183-1:2019 method A. The combination of low melt flow rate and relatively high density places the material in the high-molecular-weight HDPE film category rather than in injection molding, extrusion coating, or rotomolding segments. Because the resin is a linear high-density polyethylene, it does not exhibit the long-chain branching architecture characteristic of low-density polyethylene. Its melt strength therefore derives mainly from molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and the absence of significant short-chain branching. This structural distinction affects bubble geometry, draw-down limits, and the viscosity response to temperature changes during conversion.
The pellet stock is normally free-flowing and non-hygroscopic. Pre-drying is not required under standard indoor storage conditions. However, condensation on cold pellets transferred to a humid processing area can introduce surface moisture at the feed throat, and surface moisture may produce pinholes or die-lip splattering in thin-gauge film. A hopper blanket and a warm-air purge at 50–60 °C are sufficient to remove surface condensation without advancing oxidative degradation. Extended drying at temperatures above 80 °C is not recommended unless a nitrogen purge is used, because prolonged thermal exposure can initiate oxidation and shift melt flow rate.
High-molecular-weight HDPE demands more aggressive screw design than lower-viscosity film grades. Single-screw extruders with grooved feed sections and barrier screws of L/D 25:1 to 30:1 are typically recommended. Smooth-bore extruders may show unstable feed and pressure oscillations. Barrel temperature profiles are commonly set from 170 °C in the feed zone to 210 °C at the die head, with adapter and die temperatures maintained between 195 °C and 220 °C. Exceeding 240 °C is not advisable because excess residence time at elevated temperature can cause oxidative chain scission, reduce molecular weight, and generate gel particles. Production-scale records indicate that die-head pressure can increase by 15–25% relative to HDPE film grades with melt flow rates above 0.7 g/10 min at equivalent screw speed. Screen pack selection should account for this pressure rise; a starting pack of 20/60/20 mesh is frequently used, but the final configuration is line-specific and depends on die diameter, output rate, and contamination tolerance.
Melt fracture control is a critical processing issue. Sharkskin in linear HDPE is initiated by high wall shear stress at the die land. Published data for the exact critical wall shear stress of GM9450F are limited; therefore, a converter should determine the screw speed at which surface roughness appears and maintain a safety margin of 10–15% below that onset condition. Raising die temperature or increasing die gap reduces die-lip shear stress, but increasing die gap also reduces machine-direction orientation and may lower tensile strength. The die gap therefore functions as a compromise among surface quality, film toughness, and down-gauge capability. Fluoropolymer processing aids at low addition levels may suppress sharkskin, but their use must be evaluated for food-contact conformity where applicable.
Bubble stability is managed through die gap, blow-up ratio, and frost line height. Typical die gaps for GM9450F fall between 1.2 mm and 1.8 mm. Blow-up ratios of 3:1 to 5:1 are common, with frost line height controlled from 4 to 8 die diameters. Linear HDPE has limited strain hardening, so a low-stalk or intermediate-stalk bubble is usually more stable than a high-stalk configuration. High-stalk bubbles may improve axial orientation but are more sensitive to cooling-air turbulence and gauge variation. At 25 µm thickness, the converter should record internal bubble pressure and frost line height for lot-to-lot comparisons, because these values can reveal subtle shifts in molecular weight distribution before film mechanical properties change.
Rheological characterization should include a high-load melt flow test under ISO 1133-1:2022 condition G at 21.6 kg. The low-load melt flow rate alone is insufficient to predict die-head pressure and screw torque. A melt flow ratio calculated from the 21.6 kg and 2.16 kg values provides an indirect measure of molecular weight distribution breadth. Converters qualifying the resin should request the high-load melt index and compare it across lots, because excessive drift may indicate a batch-to-batch shift that affects bubble stability even when the low-load melt flow rate remains within specification.
On production-scale blown film lines with a 75 mm grooved-feed extruder and a 250 mm die, gauge control below 20 µm usually requires high cooling-air velocity and a frost line height at the lower end of the recommended range. Throughput is limited more often by bubble instability than by motor amperage. Reducing the die gap from 1.8 mm to 1.2 mm raises die-head pressure and may improve gauge uniformity, but bubble breaks become more frequent if melt temperature falls below 195 °C. This behaviour is characteristic of high-viscosity HDPE film grades and emphasizes the need for closed-loop barrel and die temperature control. On dies fitted with internal bubble cooling, additional heat removal permits higher output and a shorter frost line; without internal bubble cooling, output is constrained by external air ring capacity and bubble symmetry.
Dual-lip air rings are often used to control frost line height and maintain bubble symmetry. Higher air velocity decreases frost line height and can improve bubble stability, but excessive air can induce bubble flutter and gauge bands. The optimum air ring setting should be established by measuring film thickness profile after a screw-speed step change. Thickness variation of ±5% or lower is generally achievable with a well-centred die, uniform melt temperature, and stable ambient air conditions. Internal bubble pressure should be recorded alongside cooling air velocity, because changes in air ring configuration without pressure compensation can alter blow-up ratio and film orientation.
GM9450F differs from linear low-density polyethylene film grades in stiffness, sealing behaviour, and tear balance. The density of 0.953 g/cm³ yields a stiffer film than a butene-LLDPE of 0.918 g/cm³. At 25 µm, high-density films in this density class typically show higher secant modulus and lower dart drop impact than LLDPE. Dart drop impact values for high-density film of this class often fall between 100 g and 180 g under ASTM D1709-16a method A, whereas LLDPE films of similar gauge can exceed 250 g. The exact dart impact of GM9450F depends on die gap, blow-up ratio, film thickness, and masterbatch loading, so converter-specific validation is necessary. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, and the cited range should be treated as a general HDPE film class reference rather than a guaranteed product value.
Elmendorf tear propagation is strongly orientation-dependent. High-density blown film produced from GM9450F generally has lower machine-direction tear and higher transverse-direction tear relative to LLDPE, particularly when processed at blow-up ratios above 4:1. The high transverse tear arises from circumferential orientation, while machine-direction tear resistance may be reduced by the same orientation. Converters frequently blend 20–30 wt% LLDPE into GM9450F to recover dart impact and machine-direction tear strength. The blend lowers density and modulus but improves toughness. It also changes bubble geometry and may require a lower frost line height because the LLDPE component reduces the overall melt strength of the bubble.
Compared with higher-melt-flow HDPE film grades, GM9450F permits greater down-gauging because higher molecular weight increases load-bearing capability. At constant screw speed, however, output is lower and die-head pressure is higher. The temperature window is narrower: a melt temperature reduction of 10 °C may increase viscosity enough to trigger sharkskin or pressure fluctuations, while an increase of 10 °C may improve flow but reduce bubble stability. This trade-off differentiates GM9450F from high-flow HDPE grades that are easier to extrude but cannot be drawn down to thin gauges without losing film integrity.
Film property testing should be carried out after conditioning at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity for 24 h. Tensile properties should be measured using ASTM D882-18, dart drop impact using ASTM D1709-16a method A, and Elmendorf tear using ASTM D1922-15. These methods permit a direct comparison of GM9450F against alternative HDPE film grades and provide a basis for narrowing down-gauge limits. Pellet density should be confirmed by ISO 1183-1:2019 method A, and melt flow rate by ISO 1133-1:2022, to ensure incoming-lot consistency before the extrusion trial. Lot-specific certificates should be reviewed for actual specification limits, because nominal values are not substitute acceptance criteria.
Heat-seal performance of GM9450F is typical of high-density polyethylene rather than of low-sealing-temperature LLDPE. The crystalline melting point of HDPE in this density range is approximately 130–137 °C, and heat-seal initiation temperatures are generally above 135 °C. Converters requiring seal initiation temperatures below 120 °C should use a sealant layer or a blend with a lower melting comonomer resin. Surface activation for printing or lamination requires corona treatment or equivalent surface oxidation; treatment levels of 38–42 dyn/cm are often specified for reliable ink adhesion, and treatment decays with time, so immediate processing after treatment is preferred.
The addition of colour masterbatch or processing aid changes the rheology and film properties of GM9450F. A masterbatch carrier resin with high melt flow can reduce die-head pressure and may improve surface gloss, but excessive addition above 3 wt% can reduce melt strength and narrow the bubble stability window. Each masterbatch should be qualified at the intended let-down ratio because pigment particle size and carrier resin compatibility affect dispersion. Inorganic anti-block agents at 1000–3000 ppm can reduce film blocking but may lower dart impact. Slip agents such as erucamide migrate over time; coefficient of friction values measured immediately after extrusion are not stable. This behaviour is common to many HDPE film grades, but the low initial surface energy of HDPE makes slip-additive selection particularly important in high-speed bag-making operations.
The base olefin polymer can be considered for food-contact applications under FDA 21 CFR 177.1520, provided the finished article meets the applicable conditions of use and the required end tests. However, the converter must verify the lot-specific certificate of analysis and the final additive package, because downstream masterbatches and processing aids may alter the regulatory status. For European food-contact use, the finished film should comply with the overall migration limit under Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, tested in accordance with EN 1186-1:2002 and, where required, specific migration methods cited in EN 13130-1:2004. For electrical and electronic equipment applications, the unmodified resin is expected to comply with the substance restrictions of RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU, but the finished compound must be tested for the six restricted substances if coloured masterbatch or recycled material is added. Medical implant use is outside the stated scope for this specific grade because no ISO 10993-1:2018 biocompatibility evaluation is established. Under REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, the polymer itself is exempt from registration as a polymer, while intentionally added monomers and additives require their own registration or authorization status.
| Test or compliance area | Standard designation | Function in quality control |
|---|---|---|
| Melt flow rate | ISO 1133-1:2022 | Verification of pellet fluidity and batch consistency |
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | Material classification and stiffness prediction |
| Film tensile | ASTM D882-18 | Yield and elongation after orientation |
| Dart impact | ASTM D1709-16a | Puncture resistance at specified thickness |
| Elmendorf tear | ASTM D1922-15 | Directional tear propagation |
| Food contact | FDA 21 CFR 177.1520 / EU Reg. 10/2011 | Finished-article compliance basis |
