| HS Code | 123037 |
| Density | 0.949 g/cm³ |
| Melt Flow Rate 190 C 2 16 Kg | 0.35 g/10 min |
| Tensile Strength At Yield | 27 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 700% |
| Flexural Modulus | 1100 MPa |
| Notched Izod Impact Strength 23 C | 80 J/m |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 126°C |
| Melting Temperature | 131°C |
| Environmental Stress Crack Resistance Escr 10 Igepal | >1000 h |
| Shore D Hardness | 65 |
As an accredited Bayport Polymers (Baystar) HDPE CD-492 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Bayport Polymers (Baystar) HDPE CD-492 comes in 25 kg (55 lb) polyethylene bags, palletized, stretch-wrapped, and shipped in truckload quantities. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loaded with Bayport Polymers (Baystar) HDPE CD-492, 25 kg bags, palletized, shrink-wrapped, and secured for ocean transport. |
| Shipping | Bayport Polymers (Baystar) HDPE CD-492 is transported as non-hazardous polyethylene pellets, typically in 25 kg PE bags on pallets, supersacks, bulk trucks, or railcars. Keep dry, covered, and away from heat, sunlight, and contamination. Handle to prevent bag damage and moisture ingress. No DOT/IMDG special shipping labels required. |
| Storage | Store Bayport Polymers (Baystar) HDPE CD-492 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat, flames, and strong oxidizers. Keep original packaging closed, clean, and palletized to prevent moisture, dust, and contamination. Avoid prolonged elevated temperatures, physical damage, and incompatible materials. Use first-in, first-out stock rotation and follow the manufacturer’s SDS. |
| Shelf Life | Stable under normal storage conditions; no specific shelf life. Store cool, dry, away from direct sunlight, heat, and contaminants. |
Baystar HDPE CD-492 enters pressure pipe conversion as a high-molecular-weight, broad-molecular-weight-distribution polyethylene whose rheological response in grooved-feed extruders determines outer wall quality and the time-to-gel dependence of the melt stream. On 60–90 mm single-screw extruders with L/D ratios between 30:1 and 36:1, feed-zone temperatures are maintained at 170–190°C, compression-zone temperatures at 190–210°C, and metering-zone temperatures at 200–215°C. Melt temperature measured by infrared thermocouple at the adapter is held between 205°C and 220°C because residence time above 220°C accelerates formation of oxidized gel particles that collect at the spiral mandrel exit and produce periodic surface roughness every 2–6 m of extruded pipe. The recommended melt temperature window is approximately ±5°C under high-output conditions; exceeding 225°C produces a measurable reduction in oxidation induction time under ISO 11357-6. Pre-drying is not required for product protected from condensation, but material stored at ambient relative humidity above 60% should be heated at 70–80°C for 2–4 h in a desiccant hopper. The resin is supplied as natural pellets or as a carbon-black masterbatch-compounded black product; in North American pressure pipe, the resulting material is designated PE4710 under ASTM D3350, with a density range of 0.941–0.955 g/cm³, a melt index range of 0.4–0.9 g/10 min, a flexural modulus range of 800–1100 MPa, and a tensile strength range of 21–24 MPa.
For potable water distribution, wall-thickness selection follows ISO 4427-2:2019 or EN 12201-2:2021. The hydrostatic design basis is derived from ISO 9080:2022 long-term pressure testing and converted to a minimum required strength of 10.0 MPa for PE100 material. The design stress for potable water at 20°C is 8.0 MPa, based on a service coefficient of 1.25. In production, dimensional stability of SDR 11 and SDR 17 pipe is verified by measurements of average outside diameter, wall thickness, and ovality at intervals no greater than 30 min. Vacuum sizing is used with two-stage pressure calibration; the first cooling tank is maintained at 15–25°C to freeze the outer skin before the pipe enters the second tank. This step controls the residual stress profile. On a 75 mm grooved-feed extruder running at 55–70 rpm, line speeds for 110 mm SDR 11 pipe commonly range from 0.8 m/min to 1.4 m/min, depending on die land length and cooling capacity. The output range is achieved only when regrind is limited to ≤ 10 wt%; higher regrind fractions lower melt strength and increase sag at the vacuum sleeve entrance.
| Compliance reference | Property tested | Acceptance boundary |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM D3350 | Density, melt index, flexural modulus, tensile strength, PENT | PE4710 designation; density 0.941–0.955 g/cm³; melt index 0.4–0.9 g/10 min; PENT ≥ 100 h |
| ISO 9080:2022 | Long-term hydrostatic strength | MRS 10.0 MPa at 20°C/50 years |
| ISO 4427-2:2019 / EN 12201-2:2021 | Pressure pipe wall thickness and SDR selection | Design stress 8.0 MPa for potable water |
| ISO 13479 | Notched pipe slow crack growth | ≥ 500 h at 80°C / 8.0 MPa hoop stress |
In gas distribution service, the governing failure modes shift from long-term hydrostatic creep to rapid crack propagation and slow crack growth. ISO 13477:2008 describes the small-scale steady-state test in which a notched pipe is pressurized to determine the critical pressure below which a propagating crack arrests. Gas utilities specify that the critical pressure at the minimum service temperature must exceed the maximum operating pressure by a defined safety margin; for PE100 pipe in SDR 11 dimensions, this requirement commonly eliminates materials without a high-molecular-weight tail and a sufficiently broad molar mass distribution. Slow crack growth is measured by ISO 13479 notched pipe testing at 80°C and 8.0 MPa hoop stress, with acceptance often set at not less than 500 h. In North America, ASTM F1473 PENT testing at 2.4 MPa and 80°C requires a time to failure above 100 h for PE4710. During extrusion of gas pipe, a yellow or black concentrate with UV stabilizer is added at 2.0–6.0 wt%, depending on the concentrate carrier. Pigment dispersion is evaluated by filter pressure rise after a 1 h screen pack test; a pressure rise greater than 0.5 MPa indicates poor dispersion that can create microvoids at the pipe wall.
Production-scale gas pipe lines equipped with 75–90 mm grooved-feed extruders and spiral mandrel dies must control melt temperature within 205–220°C to prevent molecular weight degradation that lowers the critical pressure for rapid crack propagation. The pipe is subsequently cooled in a vacuum tank at 15–25°C, and residual stress is checked by longitudinal reversion testing according to ISO 2505. A reversion above 3% indicates excessive orientation from line speed and cooling imbalance. Incompatible additive combinations include amine-based antistatic packages; these interact with the phenolic antioxidant system and reduce the oxidation induction time below the value required by some gas utility specifications.
Profile wall corrugated drainage pipe converts CD-492 through a different thermal history than solid-wall pressure pipe. The extrudate leaves the die at a melt temperature of 180–205°C and is immediately formed between moving mold blocks. Cooling water temperature in the block circuit is held at 15–25°C; a deviation to 30°C or higher delays skin solidification enough to create rib thinning and helical weld-line tearing. Ring stiffness values under EN 13476-3 for SN4 and SN8 classes depend on rib geometry and local wall thickness, not only on resin modulus. On production-scale corrugators with 8–16 mold blocks and 60–100 mm extruders, batch-to-batch variation in melt flow ratio above ±7% is sufficient to shift the inner liner thickness by 0.2–0.4 mm unless the vacuum level is corrected. Mining slurry and dredging pipe are produced from carbon-black-compounded CD-492 with a black masterbatch addition of 2–3 wt%. The resulting material is resistant to erosion-corrosion at the invert because the high-density polyethylene surface has lower abrasion loss than many filled thermoplastics; however, published abrasion data for this specific grade are limited. Design for abrasive service is based on measured slurry particle size distribution, flow velocity, and pH rather than hydrostatic rating alone.
Slip-lining of deteriorated concrete or steel pipe requires a controlled balance between tensile strength, scratch resistance, and ring flexibility. The HDPE liner is pulled through the host pipe, so longitudinal stresses during installation are imposed on the pipe wall. ASTM F714 provides dimensional and material requirements for high-density polyethylene pipe used in pressure and non-pressure applications; ASTM F2619/F2619M-20 defines the testing for liners in gravity flow rehabilitation. The pipe must retain hoop strength after surface scoring from the host pipe; quality assurance includes notched slow crack growth testing under ISO 13479. Conversion for slip-lining runs at lower line speed and higher melt temperature than potable water pipe to optimize ovality recovery after coiling or pulling. Melt temperatures at the die are held at 215–225°C, and vacuum cooling is reduced to produce a more uniform stress profile through the wall. After installation, the liner is subjected to ring deflection testing according to ASTM D2412; a 5% deflection limit at 20°C is often specified. Published data for this specific CD-492 configuration are limited; therefore, the deflection limit should be confirmed against the host pipe ovality measurements before insertion.
Containment geomembrane produced from CD-492 is extruded through a flat die in widths from 4 m to 7 m. The sheet is cooled on polished rolls, and thickness is monitored by beta gauge or laser sensors at 1 s intervals. Minimum thickness is specified by GRI-GM13; typical landfill liner thickness is 1.5 mm or 2.0 mm. The sheet must pass ASTM D5397 notched constant tensile load stress crack resistance and ASTM D1693 environmental stress crack resistance. The transformation from round pellet to sheet requires a melt temperature of 205–220°C and a die temperature of 215–230°C; edge bead formation is controlled by restricting die lip temperature below 220°C. A gear pump between extruder and die reduces thickness variation to ±3% or less. Because CD-492 contains a high-molecular-weight fraction, the sheet shows orientation-induced anisotropy in tensile properties measured by ASTM D6693; machine-direction elongation at break is typically lower than transverse-direction elongation by 15–25%. This anisotropy is relevant for multiaxial geomembrane performance but must be monitored to avoid brittle failures at installation seams. Amine-based stabilizer packages are avoided because they interfere with the hindered phenolic antioxidant system and reduce oxidative induction time during service in contact with leachate.
Industrial conduit and cable duct are produced from the same resin using vacuum sizing and a simplified quality plan. The extrusion line uses a 60 mm single-screw extruder at 25–45 rpm, with die temperature increased by 10–15°C relative to pressure pipe to accelerate outer skin formation. Compliance for conduit is limited to ASTM D3350 classification and low-temperature impact resistance under ASTM D2444; no long-term hydrostatic testing is required. The only processing boundary is the upper melt temperature of 225°C, above which the pipe surface develops a rough matte texture in the calibration sleeve.
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Bayport Polymers (Baystar) HDPE CD-492 is assigned to the injection molding branch of high-density polyethylene. The grade is supplied as pellets and is specified for rigid molded articles in which thin-section filling, rapid solidification, and narrow part mass variation are required. Because the producer revises the technical data sheet and the additive package, no unverified lot-specific numerical values are reproduced in this overview; the controlling references are the current Baystar certificate of analysis and the latest datasheet. The material is characterized for density under ASTM D1505-18 or ISO 1183-1:2019, for melt mass-flow rate under ASTM D1238-20 or ISO 1133-1:2022, for tensile properties under ASTM D638-14 or ISO 527-1:2019, for flexural modulus under ASTM D790-17 or ISO 178:2019, and for environmental stress crack resistance under ASTM D1693-15 when specified.
The certificate of analysis should be reviewed before each campaign because melt flow rate and density are affected by reactor conditions, hydrogen feed, comonomer level, and finishing extrusion. If the lot melt flow rate shifts within the allowed specification band, injection velocity and hold pressure may need adjustment. A lot with a higher melt flow rate within the band may pack the mold more easily but may also produce more flash in tools with worn parting lines. A lot with a lower melt flow rate within the band may require slightly higher injection velocity but should not be compensated by excessive melt temperature unless the nozzle temperature can be maintained below 230°C.
In injection molding shops operating hydraulic or servo-driven machines of 250 to 400 tonnes clamp force, the material is processed with general-purpose screws having an L/D ratio of 20:1 to 24:1 and a compression ratio of 2.0:1 to 2.8:1. Melt temperature measured at the nozzle generally ranges from 190°C to 230°C. The lower limit is set by homogenization of pigment or additive masterbatches and by short-shot tendencies in multi-cavity tooling; the upper limit is set by oxidative chain scission, which can cause a positive shift in melt flow rate after residence times above 15 min. Mold temperature is controlled between 10°C and 40°C to freeze the gate and stabilize post-mold shrinkage. Back pressure is maintained at 0.5 to 1.5 MPa. Screw speed and back pressure are adjusted together to keep recovery time within the cooling time and to avoid melt temperature overshoot.
Because CD-492 is a semicrystalline polyolefin, its melt viscosity is shear-thinning and temperature-dependent. Process capability is best evaluated by recording melt temperature, fill time, peak injection pressure, transfer pressure, hold pressure, cushion, recovery time, and part weight. The use of hot-runner systems above 230°C should be limited because extended residence time in heated manifolds can shift molecular weight distribution and produce gel-like specks. If gel specks appear, purging with a high-viscosity HDPE and lowering manifold temperature by 5°C to 10°C before restarting is preferable to increasing back pressure alone.
High-density polyethylene is not hydrolytically unstable, and moisture absorption into the polymer bulk is negligible. The processing risk at relative humidity above 60% is surface condensation on pellets stored in unheated silos or opened gaylords. Condensed moisture can enter the melt stream as steam and produce splay, silver streaks, or inconsistent nozzle pressure. A desiccant dryer set at 80°C for 2 h is sufficient to remove surface moisture; regeneration temperatures higher than 90°C are unnecessary and can generate fines or pellet clumping. Dryer dew point is less critical than for polyesters or polyamides. If pellets are delivered in sealed containers and transferred dry, pre-drying is not required. In humid locations, hopper magnets and screens should be inspected because wet fines can bridge and cause feed interruptions.
For beverage, dairy, and household closures, CD-492 is processed in multi-cavity hot-runner injection tools where gate geometry, melt cushion, and transfer position control part mass more than the nominal viscosity. A 64-cavity closure mold may show part-weight drift when the melt cushion falls below 3 mm; the cushion is the buffer that transmits holding pressure after the transfer point. If the cushion is consumed, gate pressure can fall and sink marks, warpage, or underweight parts may appear even when the screw position remains unchanged. Molders should monitor in-cavity pressure at the gate and part weight per cavity every 2 h during extended runs. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; startup process capability studies should establish the actual transfer-pressure and cushion limits for the tool.
Mold surface reproduction with HDPE is sensitive to melt pressure at the cavity wall. Textured closures and caps may require higher holding pressure or longer packing time to prevent gloss variation and texture wash-out. If the mold surface is rougher than 2 µm Ra, air entrapment can occur at the end of fill; mold venting dimensions should be verified before increasing melt temperature.
The following control matrix lists the compliance instruments commonly applied to olefin injection molding grades. It is not a substitute for a supplier declaration.
| Control area | Standard or regulatory instrument | Verification path |
|---|---|---|
| Melt mass-flow rate | ASTM D1238-20 / ISO 1133-1:2022 | Lot certificate of analysis |
| Density | ASTM D1505-18 / ISO 1183-1:2019 | Lot certificate of analysis |
| Tensile yield | ASTM D638-14 / ISO 527-1:2019 | Producer datasheet or CoA |
| Flexural modulus | ASTM D790-17 / ISO 178:2019 | Producer datasheet or CoA |
| Environmental stress crack resistance | ASTM D1693-15 | Producer datasheet if specified |
| US food-contact olefin polymer | FDA 21 CFR 177.1520(c) | Supplier letter of compliance |
| EU food-contact plastic articles | Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 | Declaration of compliance |
| REACH registration | Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 | SDS and supplier statement |
| RoHS restricted substances | Directive 2011/65/EU / IEC 62321-series | Supplier declaration |
CD-492 belongs to the injection molding branch of the Baystar HDPE portfolio. It is not a substitute for high-molecular-weight blow molding HDPE grades, which are typically produced with a lower melt mass-flow class to preserve melt strength during parison formation. If a blow molding HDPE with a melt flow rate below 2 g/10 min is replaced by CD-492, the lower viscosity can allow shorter injection fill times but cannot maintain the same parison hang time; blow molding operations would require different tooling and processing conditions. Conversely, CD-492 is not a high-flow polypropylene. Compared with polypropylene, HDPE has lower flexural modulus, different shrinkage anisotropy, and a higher coefficient of thermal expansion in some temperature intervals. The two polymers also differ in notch sensitivity at refrigeration temperatures and in stress cracking resistance under polar liquids. A drop-in replacement into polypropylene tooling requires re-evaluation of gate dimensions, ejection force, and part tolerances under ASTM D955-21 or ISO 294-4:2018.
Within the Baystar HDPE range, higher-density grades may provide greater top-load resistance in thin-wall containers, while lower-density grades may provide better stress crack resistance in demanding detergent applications. The selection of CD-492 should therefore be based on the application’s dominant failure mode: top-load or compression creep, ESCR, impact at low temperature, or thin-wall fill. Comparative data should be generated under the same test methods and conditioning protocols; otherwise density and melt flow comparisons can be misleading.
Regulatory status for food-contact applications must be verified on the supplier’s declaration and current SDS rather than assumed from generic chemical composition. In the United States, the applicable olefin polymer regulation is FDA 21 CFR 177.1520(c), with use conditions listed in 21 CFR 176.170(c), Tables 1 and 2. In the European Union, food-contact compliance is addressed under Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, including overall migration limits specified in Annex II and specific migration limits in Annex I. The resin should be evaluated for organoleptic effects when used in direct contact with fatty foods or aggressive food simulants if the application exceeds 40°C. The structure is olefinic and therefore has limited resistance to strong oxidizing acids, chlorinated solvents, and aromatic hydrocarbons under sustained stress; compatibility testing should be performed before specifying CD-492 for those environments.
If the incumbent material is an HDPE of unknown melt flow class, the first change should be to compare the melt mass-flow rate and density from the lot certificates under ASTM D1238-20 and ASTM D1505-18. A higher-flow CD-492 will lower fill pressure and may flash in worn tooling; a lower-flow CD-492 will require a longer injection time or higher melt temperature within the 190°C to 230°C window. Transfer pressure, hold pressure, and holding time should be adjusted from cavity pressure data rather than from the old screw-speed profile. If the tool uses a hot runner with valve gates, gate-open delay and valve pin velocity may require tuning because the shear viscosity curve differs from that of the previous grade. Cooling time can often be set by part wall thickness and mold temperature; avoid raising mold temperature above 40°C to solve cosmetic issues because that can increase shrinkage variation and cycle time.
Short shots in thin-wall parts are often incorrectly attributed to a low melt flow rate. Before raising the barrel temperature, the mold should be checked for venting at the end of fill; HDPE fills thin sections rapidly and traps air if vent depth is insufficient. Venting depths for HDPE injection tools are commonly 0.02 to 0.05 mm. Vacuum venting or improved vent location can reduce gas burns and short shots without increasing melt temperature. If a hot runner is used, manifold thermocouple accuracy should be verified with an immersion probe because a 10°C zone error can shift fill balance across cavities.
After demolding, semicrystalline shrinkage continues for 24 h to 48 h at ambient temperature. Dimensional inspection per ASTM D955-21 should use specimens conditioned at 23°C ± 2°C and 50% ± 5% relative humidity according to ASTM D618-21. For HDPE injection grades, mold shrinkage is anisotropic: flow-direction shrinkage is generally lower than cross-flow shrinkage due to orientation. Gate location and packing time affect this anisotropy more than mold temperature within the usual range. If a mold designed for a lower-shrinkage polymer is used, the expected CD-492 shrinkage must be applied to cavity dimensions before cutting steel; otherwise the part may exceed upper dimensional limits.
Regrind from sprues, runners, and rejected parts can be blended with virgin CD-492 at levels up to 20% by weight in non-food and non-pharmaceutical applications, provided the regrind is clean, dry, and free of foreign polymer contamination. For food-contact applications, regrind use must comply with the applicable food-contact regulation and the supplier’s letter of compliance. Higher regrind levels reduce lot-to-lot consistency, widen melt flow rate, and can create specks if the regrind contains thermally degraded material.
Color concentrates for HDPE should be based on polyethylene or a compatible polyolefin carrier. Concentrates based on unsaturated rubber or heavily loaded mineral carriers can alter the rheology and may act as stress concentrators in ESCR testing. Mixing ratios should follow the masterbatch supplier’s recommendation, but typical let-down ratios between 1% and 4% are used. The effect of colorant on melt flow, impact, and ESCR should be evaluated because some phthalocyanine pigments can nucleate polyethylene and change shrinkage.
Environmental stress crack resistance remains the primary long-term mechanical risk for HDPE closures and containers under molded-in strain. The test is performed under ASTM D1693-15 with a stress crack agent, generally Igepal CO-630 or another specified surfactant, at 50°C or 100°C depending on condition A, B, or C. Failure time is reported as F50; lower values indicate higher susceptibility. CD-492 should be qualified for ESCR if the part contains sharp threads, living hinges, press-fit plugs, or metal inserts that produce local strain above 3%. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, so prototype validation is required for those geometries. Do not combine CD-492 with peroxide-bearing rotomolding masterbatches or unsaturated elastomer crumb outside the supplier’s recommended let-down ratios because free-radical chain scission can reduce molecular weight and degrade ESCR. Avoid use in contact with strong nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, or halogenated solvents at temperatures above ambient; oxidative attack is accelerated by stress and temperature. For pressure pipe and gas distribution service, CD-492 is not a designated PE100 or PE4710 material and must not be substituted for hydrostatic pressure-rated compounds.
