| HS Code | 369466 |
| Polymer Type | High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) |
| Density | 0.952 g/cm³ |
| Melt Index | 0.30 g/10 min (190°C/2.16 kg) |
| Tensile Strength At Yield | 26.5 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 30.0 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 600% |
| Flexural Modulus | 1240 MPa |
| Notched Izod Impact Strength | 80 J/m |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 127°C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature | 71°C at 0.45 MPa |
| Shore D Hardness | 65 |
| Environmental Stress Crack Resistance | >1000 h |
| Melting Point | 132°C |
As an accredited Bayport Polymers (Baystar) HDPE 2297 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Bayport Polymers (Baystar) HDPE 2297 comes in 25 kg (55 lb) polyethylene-lined bags, palletized for industrial shipment. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Bayport Polymers (Baystar) HDPE 2297 is loaded into a 20′ FCL container, palletized, stretch-wrapped, and secured for ocean transport. |
| Shipping | Bayport Polymers (Baystar) HDPE 2297 is a non-hazardous polyethylene resin. It is typically shipped in 25 kg bags on stretch-wrapped pallets, octabins, or bulk trucks/railcars. Store in a dry, clean area away from ignition sources and direct sunlight. No DOT/IMDG/IATA hazardous shipping classification required. |
| Storage | Store Bayport Polymers (Baystar) HDPE 2297 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse, preferably in original sealed packaging. Keep off the floor to prevent moisture pickup and contamination. Protect from direct sunlight, heat, flames, ignition sources, and strong oxidizers. Avoid prolonged high temperatures to prevent degradation. Ensure containers remain closed when not in use. Use normal industrial hygiene; no special ventilation is typically required. |
| Shelf Life | No specific shelf life; stable under normal conditions if stored cool, dry, well-ventilated, away from heat, sunlight, and ignition sources. |
Bayport Polymers Baystar HDPE 2297 is processed as a neat resin in high-output t-shirt sack blown film lines. The nominal density is 0.949 g/cm³ when measured under ASTM D1505-18. The melt flow rate is 0.30 g/10 min under ASTM D1238-20 at 190°C/2.16 kg. The high-molecular-weight fraction produces a stable high-stalk bubble at blow-up ratios above 4:1. On a 90 mm grooved-feed extruder with L/D 30:1, melt pressure typically reaches 380 bar to 420 bar at 170 kg/h. The die gap is set at 1.2 mm. Frost-line height is maintained between 8 and 10 die diameters. Bubble oscillation is observed below 6 die diameters when output exceeds 190 kg/h. The resulting tube is slit and sealed into bottom-seal t-shirt sacks. Gauge targets lie between 15 µm and 25 µm.
Converter qualification requires film stiffness and tear data. MD secant modulus at 1% strain exceeds 700 MPa under ASTM D882-18. TD Elmendorf tear at 25 µm is typically above 400 gf under ASTM D1922-15. MD tear is below 30 gf. This anisotropy controls bag opening behavior and automatic wicket loading. Regrind addition is limited to 10 wt% because higher closed-loop regrind elevates gel count. Gels above 0.5 mm are monitored on a standard film inspection unit. The terminal bale pack is labeled for retail grocery and convenience distribution.
Institutional can liners at 18 µm to 25 µm gauge use HDPE 2297 as the sole structural layer. A converter may dry-blend 10 wt% to 15 wt% LLDPE when a customer specification requires higher dart impact. LLDPE addition above 20 wt% lowers MD secant modulus below 550 MPa under ASTM D882-18. The film is produced on a 160 mm annular die with a dual-lip air ring. Melt temperature is controlled at 204°C to 210°C. Die gap is set to 1.5 mm. Output is limited to 1.8 kg/h/mm of die circumference. Higher specific output initiates sharkskin on the bubble surface. The bubble is collapsed before the frost line at a blow-up ratio of 4:1.
The terminal can liner is converted on high-speed rotary sealing lines. Seal jaw temperature is set between 140°C and 150°C. Seal strength is measured under ASTM F88/F88M-21 using a 15 mm wide specimen. The product is flat-packed or rolled. This segment does not carry direct food-contact labeling. The film meets the converter’s internal heavy-metal limits for municipal waste streams. Comparative compliance and test matrix for the main downstream tracks is provided in the table below.
| Application segment | Key standard or regulation | Clause / test method | Control parameter |
|---|---|---|---|
| T-shirt sacks | ASTM D1238-20, ASTM D1505-18 | Melt flow, density | 0.30 g/10 min, 0.949 g/cm³ |
| Institutional can liners | ASTM D1709-16a, ASTM F88/F88M-21 | Dart impact, seal strength | Dart drop above 120 g at 25 µm; seal force above 8 N/15 mm |
| Food-contact delicatessen wrap | FDA 21 CFR 177.1520(c), EU 10/2011 | Olefin polymer clause, overall migration | Overall migration < 10 mg/dm² |
| Fertilizer liner | ASTM F1249-20, ASTM D882-18 | WVTR, modulus | WVTR < 6 g/m²·day at 25 µm/38°C/90% RH |
Three-layer A/B/A structures use HDPE 2297 skins to raise stiffness while retaining dart impact. A typical layer ratio is 20/60/20 by mass. The core is an LLDPE with melt flow rate below 1.0 g/10 min. The skin layers melt at 205°C to 210°C. The core melt is set 5°C to 8°C lower to prevent viscosity mismatch. Interfacial instability appears as flow lines in the bubble when core melt index exceeds 1.0 g/10 min. The die is a 250 mm three-layer spiral mandrel die. Output is 320 kg/h. Layer distribution is verified by off-line density analysis on a density gradient column under ISO 1183-1:2019. Published data for this specific three-layer structure is limited; converter trials are required for final layer-ratio qualification.
In this structure, the HDPE skins provide surface hardness and a printable surface. The LLDPE core provides dart impact and TD tear. Film at 30 µm exhibits TD tear above 600 gf under ASTM D1922-15. MD secant modulus remains above 600 MPa under ASTM D882-18. This configuration is used for heavy-duty shipping sacks and industrial wrap. The terminal converted sack is subjected to drop testing under ASTM D5276-19 from 1.2 m with no burst.
Delicatessen interleaving film is produced from virgin HDPE 2297 without post-consumer recyclate. The converter must obtain a lot-specific food-contact declaration from the resin supplier. US use is governed by FDA 21 CFR 177.1520(c) for olefin polymers. EU shipments require compliance with EU 10/2011. Overall migration must remain below 10 mg/dm² under simulated food contact conditions. The film is extruded at 12 µm to 15 µm gauge. Slip and antiblock masterbatches are added at 1 wt% to 2 wt% only if the additive is listed in the relevant positive list. Silica antiblock is added at 0.5 wt%. The film surface coefficient of friction is checked under ASTM D1894-14. Static COF above 0.6 can block on refrigeration-contact surfaces.
The process uses a 120 mm extruder with L/D 28:1 and a 200 mm die. The bubble is chilled by a single-lip air ring with internal bubble cooling. Frost-line height is set at 10 die diameters. Pre-drying is not required when silo relative humidity is below 60%. Above 60% RH, surface moisture on pellets is removed with a desiccant hopper dryer at 70°C for 2 h. The terminal product is slit to 300 mm width and wound on 500 m rolls for deli counter use.
Mineral-filled fertilizer formulations demand moisture control. A 25 µm HDPE 2297 liner limits water vapor transmission. WVTR is measured under ASTM F1249-20 at 38°C and 90% RH. The target is below 6 g/m²·day for hygroscopic ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride fill. The film is converted as a form-fill-seal pouch or as a loose liner inside a woven polypropylene outer bag. The liner is produced with 2 wt% of a polyolefin-based processing aid to reduce melt fracture at 12 µm. No clay filler is used because filler raises WVTR and lowers TD tear below 250 gf under ASTM D1922-15.
The liner sealing system uses 135°C to 145°C jaw temperatures. Seal strength is specified at 6 N/15 mm minimum under ASTM F88/F88M-21. The finished sack is dropped from 1.2 m under ASTM D5276-19 with no liner split. The woven outer bag provides tensile strength. The HDPE liner provides moisture barrier and chemical resistance. This configuration is also used for powdered detergent and calcium chloride fill.
On a high-speed t-shirt bag conversion line running at 220 cycles/min, seal initiation temperature becomes the controlling variable. HDPE 2297 is sealed at 125°C to 130°C on the inner unslit section. Seal dwell time is 0.08 s to 0.12 s. Seal pressure is kept between 2.0 bar and 2.5 bar. Seal strength under ASTM F88/F88M-21 must exceed 10 N/15 mm for the bottom seal. The film is extruded to 18 µm with a 2 wt% slip/antiblock masterbatch. Static COF is controlled below 0.35 under ASTM D1894-14. Higher COF slows bag stacking and causes wicket hole tearing. The terminal product is a single-wicket t-shirt sack for automatic baggers and retail checkout lines.
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Bayport Polymers (Baystar) HDPE 2297 is a high-density polyethylene resin supplied in pellet form for injection molding and thin-wall rigid packaging applications. The grade is positioned for melt-flow characteristics that permit filling of complex tool geometries without excessive cavity pressure. Published typical properties include a melt mass-flow rate of 10 g/10 min under ASTM D1238 at 190 °C with a 2.16 kg load and a density of 0.960 g/cm³ under ASTM D1505/ISO 1183-1. The product is used in pails, crates, caps, closures, housewares, toys, and food-contact containers where dimensional stability and stiffness are specified. Unlike high-molecular-weight HDPE grades used in blow molding, 2297 has a higher melt index and narrower molecular weight distribution, which shifts the processing window toward shorter injection cycles and more uniform thin-wall filling.
The table below compiles typical values from public technical literature. Values are nominal and are not intended as batch-release specification limits; certificates of analysis should be consulted for lot-specific data. Specimens are conditioned at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity according to ASTM D618 unless otherwise stated.
| Property | Test method | Typical value |
|---|---|---|
| Melt mass-flow rate | ASTM D1238 / ISO 1133-1:2022 | 10 g/10 min |
| Density | ASTM D1505 / ISO 1183-1:2019 | 0.960 g/cm³ |
| Tensile yield strength | ASTM D638 / ISO 527-2 | 28 MPa |
| Flexural modulus | ASTM D790 / ISO 178 | 1300 MPa |
| Vicat softening temperature | ASTM D1525 / ISO 306 | 128 °C |
Notched Izod impact and environmental stress crack resistance data are dependent on specimen preparation, pigment package, and cooling conditions; published data for pigmented configurations should be obtained from the supplier under the specific test method and conditioning protocol required by the finished article.
On reciprocating screw injection molding machines equipped with general-purpose polyolefin screws having 20:1 to 25:1 L/D and compression ratios of 2.0:1 to 3.0:1, the grade typically processes at melt temperatures between 190 °C and 240 °C. Mold temperatures from 10 °C to 40 °C are commonly referenced, with the lower portion of the range used for thin-wall applications to shorten cycle time and the upper portion used when surface gloss and weld-line integrity dominate. Hydraulic injection pressure requirements are tool-specific; however, unfilled HDPE grades with this melt flow index often require sustaining cavity pressures in the range of 35 MPa to 55 MPa during pack and hold. Clamp force should be calculated from the projected area and the measured cavity pressure profile, not from a single multiplier, because flow-length-to-wall-thickness ratios above 150:1 produce nonuniform pressure decay in multi-cavity tools.
Drying is generally unnecessary at relative humidity below 60% and ambient storage temperatures below 30 °C. If surface condensation is present, a desiccant dryer at 70 °C to 80 °C for 2 h is typically sufficient; hopper magnets and clean scrap handling are more critical control points than moisture removal. Melt temperature excursions above 260 °C should be avoided because viscosity reduction and molecular weight alteration can generate splay, yellowing, and reduced drop-impact resistance. Screw speeds of 50 rpm to 80 rpm and back pressures of 0.5 MPa to 1.5 MPa provide sufficient homogenization without generating excessive shear heating. A consistent cushion of 3 mm to 6 mm is used to compensate for check-ring leakage and to maintain packing pressure stability.
Color concentrates and additive masterbatches should be selected for high-density polyethylene compatibility; amine-based slip or antistatic packages can shift crystallization kinetics and should be qualified by differential scanning calorimetry per ISO 11357. In production-scale high-cavitation cap molding, gate freeze time, cooling time, and ejection temperature are more critical than plastication rate; published data for HDPE 2297 in specific high-cavitation stack molds are limited.
When regrind fractions exceed 20 wt% in closed-loop container molding, two competing phenomena are observed: a shift in melt flow index from chain scission in the presence of residual oxygen and a reduction in environmental stress crack resistance due to increased crystallinity and molecular weight distribution narrowing. The melt mass-flow rate should be re-tested per ASTM D1238 after each regrind generation, not assumed from virgin pellet data. A rise of more than 15% from the virgin lot mean indicates that hold pressure and screw speed should be reduced or that the regrind fraction should be lowered; a fall in ESCR measured by ASTM D1693 may precede visible embrittlement.
Processors should control regrind particle size to avoid feed segregation in the hopper. Mixed particle sizes larger than 6 mm and smaller than 1 mm can produce density differences that alter gravimetric dosing accuracy on machines fitted with loss-in-weight hopper loaders. Screen packs or hot-runner filtration with 250 μm to 500 μm openings are advisable when closed-loop regrind contains paper fibers from label stock. In multi-cavity pail molds with thermally gated cold runners, regrind addition above 20 wt% without filtration has been associated with gate blockage and inconsistent shot weight; published data for Baystar HDPE 2297 under these exact conditions is limited, so a validation trial is required before full-rate production.
Because the product is used in food-contact applications, regrind must comply with FDA 21 CFR 177.1520 and EU Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 when finished articles are to be marketed in the applicable jurisdictions. Off-specification regrind from unknown sources must not be incorporated. Lot-to-lot variability in regrind thermal history is controlled by recording the number of re-extrusion cycles and by limiting low-melt-temperature recycling to two passes unless mechanical property testing demonstrates otherwise.
Regulatory status for Baystar HDPE 2297 is anchored to FDA 21 CFR 177.1520 for olefin polymers when the finished article meets the intended-use and migration conditions described in that section. Compliance with EU Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 should be verified for overall migration limits and specific migration of monomers or additives, especially in fatty-food contact. The grade is typically evaluated against REACH Annex XVII restrictions and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II for electrical and electronic equipment applications. A supplier certificate of compliance is required before use in medical packaging, pharmaceutical primary packaging, and potable water contact; these applications are not automatically included in a standard food-contact statement.
The suitability of the resin for UL 94 HB flammability classification is application-thickness dependent and must be tested on the finished part rather than inferred from base polymer data. Processing aids, colorants, and secondary re-granulates are not covered by the standard resin statement. The user of record retains responsibility for confirming that the final article meets all applicable regional food-contact and waste-directive requirements.
The primary difference between Baystar HDPE 2297 and lower-melt-flow HDPE grades in the same product family is the melt viscosity at low shear. Under ASTM D1238, a melt mass-flow rate of 10 g/10 min allows shorter filling times in thin sections and lower injection pressure in multi-cavity tools. Lower-flow HDPE grades with melt indices below 1 g/10 min develop higher tensile strength and higher notched impact resistance but require higher melt temperatures and longer cycle times. The density of 0.960 g/cm³ contributes to stiffness, but it also reduces environmental stress crack resistance relative to lower-density copolymers with butene or hexene comonomer.
Injection molded pails and crates produced from HDPE 2297 may exhibit lower warpage than lower-density high-molecular-weight polyethylene because the higher melt flow reduces frozen-in orientation. However, this same reduction in orientation lowers ultimate tensile strength in the flow direction when tested according to ASTM D638; users should not substitute HDPE 2297 into blow-molded structural applications designed for high-molecular-weight grades without re-qualifying drop impact and creep behavior.
For pail and container applications, mechanical acceptance is frequently verified using ASTM D2659 for top-load strength, ASTM D5276 for drop impact of loaded containers, and ASTM D4508 for environmental stress crack resistance of plastics. Closure systems made from HDPE 2297 are evaluated for strip torque and removal torque under ASTM D3475 or closure-specific standards. These tests are performed on finished articles, not on pellets, because cooling rate, pigment dispersion, and gate design affect performance more than base-resin typical values.
Operational boundaries for Baystar HDPE 2297 are defined by melt-temperature, ultraviolet, and chemical-exposure limits. Prolonged outdoor exposure without carbon black or a hindered amine stabilizer causes embrittlement; published data for this specific grade under ASTM G154 weathering cycles are limited, therefore UV-stabilized variants or painted assemblies should be used outdoors. Continuous contact with strong oxidizing acids, aromatic solvents, and chlorinated hydrocarbons above room temperature is not recommended because the non-polar polyethylene matrix swells and loses mechanical integrity.
The untreated surface has low surface energy and does not accept polar adhesives, inks, or coating systems. Corona discharge or flame treatment is required to raise surface energy above 38 mN/m for bonding or printing; treatment levels should be verified by dyne pens conforming to ASTM D2578. Ultrasonic welding and hot-plate welding are applicable when joint geometry is designed for semicrystalline polyolefin melting behavior, but solvent welding is generally ineffective without surface oxidation.
Storage should avoid direct sunlight, high humidity cycling, and temperatures above 50 °C to prevent pellet caking and surface condensation. Bulk railcar unloading systems should be grounded and filtered to control fines below 0.1 wt% before vacuum conveying. If storage silos exceed 30 °C, nitrogen blanketing or desiccant vent filters may be used to limit oxidative carbonyl formation during long hold times.
