| HS Code | 135488 |
| Material Family | PA12 (Polyamide 12) based magnetic compound |
| Magnetic Filler Type | Ferrite / Iron-based powder |
| Magnetic Filler Content By Weight | ~80% |
| Density | ~2.8 g/cm³ |
| Melt Volume Flow Rate Mvr | >10 cm³/10 min |
| Melting Point | ~178 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | ~9,000 MPa |
| Tensile Strength | ~50 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | ~2.5% |
| Flexural Modulus | ~8,000 MPa |
| Flexural Strength | ~85 MPa |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched | ~4 kJ/m² |
| Heat Deflection Temperature Hdt A | ~90 °C |
| Water Absorption Saturation | ~0.5% |
As an accredited Barlog Plastics KEBABLEND M FE 220701/1 PA12 for Plastic Bonded Magnets factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Barlog Plastics KEBABLEND M FE 220701/1 PA12 for plastic bonded magnets: supplied in 25 kg sealed bags, 40 per pallet. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20' FCL: palletized bags of PA12 granules, securely stowed and braced, ensuring stability, protection from moisture, and safe transport. |
| Shipping | The material is shipped as non-hazardous plastic granules in sealed, moisture-proof bags or drums. Keep dry, avoid direct sunlight, and store below 30°C. Standard dry cargo transport with adequate ventilation is suitable. Ensure containers are clean to prevent contamination before handling. |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry area, preferably below 25°C, in original sealed packaging. Keep away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture to prevent degradation. Avoid exposure to humidity and contamination. Use within recommended shelf life, rotating stock as needed. Ensure adequate ventilation in storage areas. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 12 months from production date when stored in original sealed packaging in a cool, dry place. |
Ferrite encoder rings moulded from the PA12-based compound designated KEBABLEND M FE 220701/1 enter ABS wheel speed sensor assemblies where the magnetically active ring is mounted on the wheel hub or bearing seal and is read by a Hall or magnetoresistive sensor across a defined air gap. In this downstream segment, the binder addition ratio is maintained at 11 wt%–13 wt%, the strontium ferrite fraction is held at 86 wt%–88 wt%, and the residual 1 wt%–2 wt% consists of antioxidant, internal lubricant, and dispersion aid. The applicable compliance matrix for automotive wheel speed encoders includes IATF 16949:2016 clause 8.3.3.3 for product design verification, ISO 527-2:2012 for tensile property measurement, ISO 75-2:2013 for heat deflection temperature, IEC 60404-8-1:2023 for magnetically hard material specifications, and ASTM A977/A977M-20 for hysteresis loop determination. Published data for this specific grade is limited; the processing window below is representative of ferrite-filled PA12 compounds rather than grade-specific. Compounding is run on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with an L/D ratio between 36:1 and 44:1, using a side feeder for the ferrite powder after the PA12 melt phase has formed, with screw speeds of 300–600 rpm. The granulate must be dried at 80 °C for 4 h to a residual moisture content not exceeding 0.10 % before injection moulding, because PA12 hydrolyses rapidly in the barrel if the dew point of the drying air exceeds -40 °C.
The downstream production sequence for ABS encoder rings is a closed-loop injection moulding process on a 100–160 t clamp force machine with a melt temperature of 240–260 °C, a mould temperature of 60–90 °C, injection velocity of 30–80 mm/s, and holding pressure of 400–800 bar. Gating is normally a fan gate or a side edge gate with a land thickness of 0.8–1.5 mm, because thin gates below 0.8 mm generate local shear heating that degrades the PA12 boundary layer around ferrite particles and produces burn marks at rib roots. A known production-scale failure mode on 120 t machines is a short shot at the inner ring wall when the mould temperature drops below 60 °C; this is caused by rapid solidification of the polymer phase before full packing is complete. After demoulding, the ring is magnetised in a multi-pole fixture with 8–16 alternating poles, and the surface flux density is verified pole-by-pole using a Hall probe gaussmeter. Terminal finished product types in this segment include ABS wheel speed sensor encoder rings, bearing-integrated impulse wheels, and multi-pole rotor rings for vehicle stability control sensors. The ring must retain dimensional stability down to -40 °C and must show no demagnetisation that shifts the sensor switching threshold beyond the ECU tolerance window after 1000 h at 85 °C.
At filler fractions above 90 wt%, process stability in anisotropic NdFeB rotor ring production is governed by the need to keep the PA12 melt sufficiently fluid for magnetic powder alignment while preventing oxidation of the NdFeB particles. For brushless DC rotor rings used in electric water pumps and cooling fans, the binder addition is reduced to 6 wt%–10 wt% and the NdFeB powder fraction is raised to 90 wt%–94 wt%, with the remainder occupied by silane coupling agent, antioxidant, and processing wax. The relevant compliance standards for this segment are REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Article 33 for SVHC communication, RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II for restricted substances, IEC 60404-8-1:2023 for magnetic material classification, ASTM A977/A977M-20 for demagnetisation curves, and ISO 1133-1:2022 for melt flow rate verification. The compound must show a homogeneous distribution of NdFeB particles without visible agglomerates above 50 µm, because agglomerates create local demagnetisation poles that reduce rotor torque ripple smoothness. Pre-drying is performed at 70–80 °C for 5 h until the moisture content is below 0.08 %; residual moisture above 0.12 % produces hydrolysis-induced brittleness and lowers the tensile strength of the binder bridges between magnetic particles.
Anisotropic ring moulding requires a field-assisted injection moulding cell in which magnetising coils or permanent magnet inserts are built into the mould to orient the easy axis of the NdFeB powder before the PA12 phase freezes. The melt temperature is held at 245–285 °C, but the mould temperature is restricted to 70–100 °C because a mould temperature below 70 °C solidifies the polymer shell too rapidly for particle rotation, while a mould temperature above 100 °C extends the demoulding cycle and increases the risk of NdFeB oxidation at the sprue and gate regions. The applied alignment field in the cavity is typically 0.5–1.0 T, depending on the magnet powder coercivity and the part wall thickness; injection speed is limited to 10–40 mm/s to avoid shear-induced fibre orientation that competes with the external magnetic field. Holding pressure is set between 500 bar and 900 bar to compensate for the high filler loading and low binder volume. A practical bottleneck observed on production lines is that the tooling magnets accumulate demagnetised powder fines over a shift, causing drift in alignment field strength and requiring cleaning at intervals not exceeding 8 h. Terminal finished product types include anisotropic rotor rings for brushless DC water pumps, cooling fan rotors, fuel pump impeller magnets, and small-diameter sensor rotors for electric power steering systems.
| Filler class | Filler fraction | Binder fraction | Melt temperature | Mould temperature | Alignment field |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strontium ferrite / PA12 | 86–88 wt% | 11–13 wt% | 240–260 °C | 60–90 °C | not applied |
| Anisotropic NdFeB / PA12 | 90–94 wt% | 6–10 wt% | 245–285 °C | 70–100 °C | 0.5–1.0 T |
| Dry-process SmFeN / PA12 | 88–92 wt% | 8–12 wt% | 225–245 °C | 60–80 °C | 0.4–0.8 T |
| Low-cost ferrite / PA12 | 84–87 wt% | 12–15 wt% | 235–255 °C | 60–85 °C | not applied |
When a Hall sensor shaft insert is overmoulded with ferrite-filled PA12, the binder addition is held at 12 wt%–14 wt% to achieve a balance between mechanical adhesion to the metal insert and sufficient magnetic filler loading for stable sensor output. The ferrite fraction in this segment is 85 wt%–87 wt%, and the small residue is allocated to coupling agent and processing stabiliser. The compliance framework for thin-wall Hall sensor housings includes ISO 16750-4:2023 for temperature and vibration loads in vehicle electrical systems, IEC 60068-2-14:2009 test Nb for thermal shock, ASTM D638-14 for tensile stress-strain behaviour, and ISO 178:2019 for flexural modulus verification. The metal insert is preheated to 80–100 °C before insertion into the cavity to reduce the thermal mismatch between the steel surface and the PA12 melt; insert temperatures below 60 °C produce thin shrink-induced cracks at the shaft interface after ejection, which are detectable only after thermal cycling from -40 °C to 125 °C.
The injection moulding process for insert-moulded encoder magnets uses a melt temperature of 235–255 °C, a mould temperature of 60–80 °C, injection velocity of 20–60 mm/s, and holding pressure of 300–600 bar. The gate is placed away from the sensing face wherever possible, because gate-induced frozen-in orientation of ferrite platelets changes the local remanence by up to 2 % and creates a detectable Hall signal asymmetry after polarisation. The terminal finished product types in this scenario include throttle position sensor magnets, EGR valve position magnets, pedal position sensor rotors, gear position sensor magnets, and steering angle sensor encoders. Each finished assembly is subjected to a magnetic field scan using a 3-axis gaussmeter across the sensing radius, and parts that show a peak-to-peak flux density variation above 1.5 % are rejected because the resulting Hall and MR sensor switching thresholds fall outside the ECU algorithm window.
In sealless chemical pump systems, magnetic drive couplings utilise the PA12-bonded ferrite compound in which the compound is moulded as a multi-pole ring and then assembled into the pump drive hub. For this segment, the binder addition is held at 10 wt%–12 wt%, the strontium ferrite fraction is held at 87 wt%–89 wt%, and the remaining 1 wt% is allocated to hydrolysis-resistant stabilisation because the coupling may be exposed intermittently to condensing moisture inside the pump shell. The applicable compliance standards are ISO 5199:2002 for sealless centrifugal pump design, EN ISO 12100:2010 for machine safety risk assessment, IEC 60404-8-1:2023 for magnetic material classification, and ASTM A977/A977M-20 for demagnetisation resistance under load. The production sequence uses a 120–180 t injection moulding machine with a melt temperature of 240–260 °C, a mould temperature of 60–85 °C, injection velocity of 30–70 mm/s, and holding pressure of 450–750 bar. The main process conflict in this segment is that the magnet ring must be moulded as a thick section to generate sufficient magnetic flux, but the PA12 binder phase retains heat in the core and extends the required cooling time; if the part is ejected before the core reaches 80 °C, thermal post-shrinkage distorts the ring and changes the torque transmission geometry. Terminal finished product types include inner and outer magnet rotors for magnetic drive pumps, torque rings for sealless agitation systems, and magnet sleeves for rotary lobe pumps handling corrosive fluids where direct shaft sealing is not permitted.
Because dry-process SmFeN powders begin to oxidise above 245 °C, compounding and moulding of PA12-bonded SmFeN encoder magnets are constrained to a narrow thermal window that distinguishes this segment from ferrite and NdFeB processing. The formulation addition ratio uses 8 wt%–12 wt% PA12 binder, 88 wt%–92 wt% SmFeN powder, and a small fraction of silane coupling agent and internal release agent. The compliance framework for industrial automation encoder magnets includes IEC 60404-8-1:2023 for magnetically hard material classification, ASTM A977/A977M-20 for coercivity and remanence measurement, ISO 9001:2015 clause 8.5.1 for production control, and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II for restricted substances. Compounding is performed on a low-shear twin-screw extruder with a screw compression ratio of 1.5–2.0 and a barrel temperature profile capped at 220 °C before the final mixing zone to prevent oxygen uptake by the SmFeN particles. The granulate is dried at 70 °C for 4 h to a moisture content below 0.10 % before injection moulding.
The downstream production process for SmFeN encoder magnets uses a melt temperature of 225–245 °C, a mould temperature of 60–80 °C, injection velocity of 30–70 mm/s, and holding pressure of 400–700 bar. If the melt temperature exceeds 250 °C for more than 3 min of residence time, the SmFeN surface oxidation produces a visible loss of coercivity and reduces the encoder signal amplitude. The gate geometry is critical because the high aspect ratio of dry-process SmFeN particles causes shear-induced alignment near the gate, producing a measurable local remanence peak that can alter the Hall sensor output. Hot runner systems are avoided in this segment because polymer stagnation zones expose the compound to repeated thermal cycles that degrade the magnetic powder. Terminal finished product types include linear encoder strips for machine tool position sensing, rotary encoder rings for servo motor feedback, angular position sensor magnets for robotic joints, and small-diameter encoder sleeves for automated guided vehicle wheel motors. Polarity verification after magnetisation is carried out with a pole-by-pole flux mapping system; parts showing an adjacent pole amplitude deviation above 1 % are rejected.
For damper actuators exposed to continuous 85 °C and 60 % relative humidity, the ferrite/PA12 armature segment formulation requires a binder addition of 12 wt%–15 wt%, a strontium ferrite fraction of 84 wt%–87 wt%, and a heat-stabilised additive package designed to resist oxidative chain scission of the polyamide matrix over the actuator service life. The compliance framework for HVAC actuator magnet segments includes UL 94:2013 horizontal burn rating HB, IEC 60335-1:2020 for appliance safety, RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II, and ISO 75-2:2013 for heat deflection temperature verification. The compound is dried at 80 °C for 4–6 h to a moisture content below 0.10 % because the PA12 matrix in this segment is used with thicker wall sections that are more sensitive to moisture-induced void formation during melt processing. Injection moulding is performed on a 100–150 t machine with a melt temperature of 235–255 °C, a mould temperature of 60–85 °C, injection velocity of 30–70 mm/s, and holding pressure of 350–650 bar.
The operational boundary for this segment is defined by the PA12 binder rather than the ferrite filler: continuous exposure above 120 °C in air causes progressive oxidative embrittlement and a loss of mechanical integrity of the magnet segment, even though the ferrite powder itself retains remanence to much higher temperatures. The magnet segments are magnetised after assembly into the rotor hub so that the multi-pole pattern is aligned with the stator geometry. Terminal finished product types include damper actuator rotors for building automation, valve actuator segments for modulating gas and water valves, louver motor magnets for automotive HVAC flaps, and small stepper motor rotors for actuator feedback devices. In each case, the mechanical runout of the magnetised segment after insertion is verified to be below 50 µm because radial runout above this limit produces a cyclic air-gap variation that increases torque ripple and audible noise in the actuator gearbox.
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Barlog Plastics KEBABLEND M FE 220701/1 PA12 is a ferrite-filled polyamide 12 injection moulding compound for plastic-bonded permanent magnets. The grade is positioned for net-shape magnet bodies such as encoder rings, sensor targets, small DC motor rotor rings, pump impeller magnets and actuator components. The PA12 binder is selected because its equilibrium moisture absorption is lower than PA6 or PA66, providing a narrower moisture-related dimensional envelope after moulding. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; the numerical ranges presented here are representative for isotropic ferrite-filled PA12 compounds of equivalent filler loading and are measured according to the cited standard methods.
The compound’s physical and magnetic behaviour is dominated by ferrite loading. Isotropic ferrite-filled PA12 grades of this class typically contain 80–90 wt% ferrite. Density, measured by ISO 1183-1, therefore falls between 3.4 g/cm³ and 3.8 g/cm³. This is lower than NdFeB-bonded PA12 grades, which commonly exceed 4.5 g/cm³, but higher than unfilled PA12 at 1.01–1.03 g/cm³. The following table gives representative values for the class. Product release values should be taken from the manufacturer’s batch certificate.
| Property | Test method | Representative range | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1 | 3.4–3.8 | g/cm³ |
| Tensile strength | ISO 527-2 | 30–50 | MPa |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-2 | 5000–9000 | MPa |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-2 | 1.0–3.0 | % |
| Flexural modulus | ISO 178 | 6000–10000 | MPa |
| Heat deflection temperature HDT/A 1.8 MPa | ISO 75-1/-2 | 150–175 | °C |
| Mould shrinkage parallel | ISO 294-4 | 0.5–1.0 | % |
| Remanence Br | IEC 60404-5 | 240–280 | mT |
| Coercivity HcB | IEC 60404-5 | 160–210 | kA/m |
| Intrinsic coercivity HcJ | IEC 60404-5 | 200–270 | kA/m |
| Maximum energy product (BH)max | IEC 60404-5 | 10–14 | kJ/m³ |
The magnetic output is isotropic. Remanence values of 240–280 mT are lower than sintered anisotropic ferrite magnets, which typically reach 400–450 mT under IEC 60404-5, because the ferrite particles are not fully aligned during melt processing and the polyamide binder occupies 10–20 wt% of the compound. Intrinsic coercivity values in the 200–270 kA/m range are suitable for multipole magnetisation after moulding; an external magnetising fixture generating a peak field above 700 kA/m is required to saturate the ferrite filler before magnetic performance is verified.
Substitution from PA6-bonded ferrite grades to KEBABLEND M FE 220701/1 PA12 changes moisture-related dimensional drift. Under ISO 62, PA12 absorbs approximately 0.8 wt% moisture at 23 °C and 50 % RH, while PA6 absorbs approximately 2.5 wt% under identical conditions. Because ferrite filler is non-hygroscopic, the filled compounds scale these values by the binder fraction; a 15 wt% PA12 binder therefore contributes only 0.12 wt% moisture uptake, reducing post-moulding growth and magnetic air-gap drift in humid service. PA66 has a higher dry-state heat deflection temperature but absorbs more moisture than PA12; after standard atmosphere conditioning, its dimensional change can be three to four times larger.
Compared with PPS-bonded ferrite grades, the PA12 binder reduces barrel-temperature requirements from 300–340 °C to 230–270 °C and mould temperature from 120–160 °C to 50–90 °C. The lower thermal load reduces oxidation of the ferrite surface during melt processing and permits standard water-heated moulds. The trade-off is thermal capability: PA12 has a UL 746B relative temperature index typically between 65 °C and 90 °C, while PPS grades may be rated above 200 °C. Applications with sustained winding temperatures above 90 °C should remain with PPS or thermoset binder systems.
Within the KEBABLEND M family, the FE designation distinguishes ferrite-filled grades from NdFeB-filled alternatives. Ferrite-filled KEBABLEND M FE 220701/1 provides lower density, lower raw-material cost, and intrinsic corrosion stability, but its maximum energy product is limited to 10–14 kJ/m³. NdFeB-filled PA12 grades may reach 30–40 kJ/m³ in injection-moulded bonded magnets, while sintered NdFeB magnets exceed 280 kJ/m³. The product is therefore assigned to applications in which geometric complexity, insert overmoulding, or mass reduction is more critical than maximum flux per unit volume.
Pre-drying is mandatory before melt processing. Residual moisture above 0.1 wt% causes hydrolytic chain scission at melt temperature, reducing melt viscosity and producing splay at the gate. A desiccant dryer with a dew point below −30 °C and an air flow of 1.5–2.0 m³/h per kg/h throughput is recommended; drying at 80 °C for 4–6 h is typical for incoming moisture below 0.2 wt%. Overdrying beyond 6 h does not improve processing and may promote electrostatic charging of ferrite fines in the hopper. Vented barrels are not a substitute for drying. A vacuum dryer can reduce drying time to 2–3 h at 80 °C, but the resin must be protected from humid plant air after drying; open hoppers with ambient air at 60 % RH allow moisture regain above 0.1 wt% within 30–60 min.
Barrel settings should increase from rear to nozzle: 230 °C rear, 250 °C centre, 260 °C front, 260 °C nozzle. Melt temperature measured by a needle pyrometer should be kept between 240 °C and 270 °C; above 280 °C, PA12 degradation accelerates. Mould temperature is set between 50 °C and 90 °C. Lower mould temperatures reduce cycle time but decrease crystallinity at the part surface and can increase radial run-out in insert-moulded magnet rings.
| Processing parameter | Recommended starting range | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Drying temperature | 80 | °C |
| Drying time | 4–6 | h |
| Residual moisture | ≤0.1 | wt% |
| Melt temperature | 240–270 | °C |
| Mould temperature | 50–90 | °C |
| Injection pressure | 800–1500 | bar |
| Hold pressure | 400–700 | bar |
| Back pressure | 20–50 | bar |
| Screw speed | 60–120 | rpm |
| Shot volume | 25–75 | % barrel capacity |
Injection speed and hold pressure should be tuned with cavity pressure transducers. Cavity pressure at the end of fill should be maintained above 300 bar to avoid sink and microvoids at the ferrite-polymer interface; excessive hold pressure above 800 bar may cause flash and magnetic filler orientation at the gate. Regulatory compliance is commonly required for bonded magnet components in electric motors and sensors. The compound can be supplied in formulations that comply with RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU as amended by (EU) 2015/863 and REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006; processors should obtain the supplier’s SVHC declaration for the production lot.
Ferrite-filled PA12 magnets exhibit a reversible temperature coefficient of remanence of approximately −0.2 %/K. At 80 °C, the remanent flux is therefore typically 10–12 % lower than at 23 °C; the loss recovers on cooling unless the part has been mechanically deformed or the PA12 matrix has exceeded its continuous-use limit. Intrinsic coercivity exhibits a positive temperature coefficient of approximately +0.3 %/K, so resistance to demagnetisation improves slightly with temperature. Magnetic values should be verified according to IEC 60404-5 after saturation in a pulsed magnetising field of at least 1000 kA/m.
Multipole magnetisation may require alternating pole patterns with widths down to 0.5 mm depending on the fixture. The isotropic grade does not require heating during magnetisation. Demagnetisation resistance is specified by HcJ rather than HcB when the magnet operates in a repulsive field from motor windings.
Environmental ageing is controlled by the PA12 binder. Long-term exposure to hot water above 60 °C, strong mineral acids, and concentrated glycols should be avoided because these media hydrolyse polyamide chains. Ferrite filler is chemically more stable than NdFeB, so the FE grade does not require a protective coating for stored parts. Metal inserts should be preheated to 80–120 °C and should have a knurled or otherwise mechanically interlocking surface; adhesion relies on mechanical keying rather than chemical bonding to the PA12 matrix.
Encoder wheels and sensor targets are produced with multipole magnetisation patterns applied after moulding. The isotropic filler permits pole transitions to be placed without regard to melt-flow direction, which is a distinction from anisotropic grades that require magnetic particle alignment during moulding. The compound is also used for rotor rings in small brushless DC motors where the magnet ring is overmoulded onto a shaft or hub; mould shrinkage of 0.5–1.0 % by ISO 294-4 must be compensated in the tool to maintain the radial air gap. Tight insert run-out requires central tool location and axisymmetric gating; published data for this specific configuration is limited.
The high filler loading reduces melt flow. Melt volume-flow rate for ferrite-filled PA12 at 275 °C with 2.16 kg load is typically 1–5 cm³/10 min by ISO 1133-1, compared with more than 20 cm³/10 min for unfilled PA12. This restricted flow means gates, runners, and wall thicknesses cannot be scaled directly from unfilled PA12 designs. For wall sections below 1.5 mm, flow length may be limited to 80–120 mm at melt temperature 260 °C and mould temperature 80 °C; published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Ferrite particles are platelet-like. High injection speed above 120 mm/s can orient particles near the frozen skin and create a shell with different magnetic remanence than the core. Multi-cavity tools require cavity-to-cavity melt balancing to keep the magnetic flux distribution within tolerance. Gate geometry should avoid pinpoint gates below 1.0 mm diameter because they freeze prematurely at high filler content. Direct sprue or fan gates are preferred.
Screw and barrel wear is a production concern because ferrite is abrasive. A three-zone screw with a compression ratio between 1.5:1 and 2.0:1, a free-flow non-return valve, and a nitrided or bimetallic barrel is recommended. High-compression screws above 2.5:1 cause excessive shear heating and can raise local melt temperature beyond the PA12 degradation threshold without changing barrel set points. Back pressure should be limited to 20–50 bar; higher values extend residence time and may produce filler agglomeration visible as dark streaks and magnetic hot spots. Hot runner systems should use full forward-bore tips and avoid dead spots where ferrite can settle.
Quality assurance for bonded magnet parts of this class includes magnetic flux mapping on Helmholtz coils with integrated digital integrators, adhesion testing of overmoulded inserts by pull-out force, and dimensional audits after 48 h conditioning at 23 °C and 50 % RH per ISO 291. Such tests detect binder degradation, filler agglomeration, and moisture-related growth before lot release. Incoming compound lots should be checked for melt volume-flow rate by ISO 1133-1 and ash content by ISO 3451-1 to confirm ferrite loading and particle-size batch consistency.
