| HS Code | 110576 |
| Density | 3.80 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Strength | 35 MPa |
| Flexural Modulus | 3500 MPa |
| Flexural Strength | 55 MPa |
| Izod Impact Notched | 3.5 kJ/m² |
| Elongation At Break | 3.0 % |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Melt Flow Rate Mfr | 10 g/10 min |
| Water Absorption 24h | 0.15 % |
| Hardness Shore D | 70 |
As an accredited Avient Gravi-Tech™ GRV-NP-110-W-NAT Polyamide 12 (Nylon 12) factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied as 25 kg net in sealed polyethylene-lined paper bags, clearly labeled with product name, grade, and lot traceability. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20' FCL of Avient Gravi-Tech GRV-NP-110-W-NAT Polyamide 12 (Nylon 12) pellets, packed in bags on pallets, loaded securely. |
| Shipping | Avient Gravi-Tech™ GRV-NP-110-W-NAT is a nylon 12 compound supplied as pellets. Ship in sealed moisture-resistant packaging to prevent water uptake. Standard ground freight is suitable; avoid excessive heat and humidity. Not classified as hazardous for transport, but keep away from ignition sources. |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Keep the original container tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption, as Nylon 12 is hygroscopic. Avoid exposure to humidity and extreme temperatures. Handle with care to prevent contamination or physical damage, and use within a reasonable timeframe after opening. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2 years from date of manufacture when stored in original, unopened packaging under dry, cool conditions. |
In luxury eyewear front and temple manufacturing, Avient Gravi-Tech™ GRV-NP-110-W-NAT is processed as a natural polyamide 12 compound with a nominal density of 1.10 g/cm³ as measured by ISO 1183-1:2019. The material is selected where a front section or temple arm requires greater perceived mass than unfilled PA12 while retaining the low equilibrium moisture uptake and hinge-level ductility expected from the base polymer. It is dried in a desiccant dryer with a dew point of -40 °C or lower at 80 °C for 4–6 h, reducing residual moisture to below 0.10% before plastication. Moisture above this threshold hydrolyses the polyamide backbone during melt processing and produces visible silver streaking at hinge bosses and threaded insert collars. On a reciprocating-screw injection machine using an 18:1 to 20:1 L/D general-purpose screw with a compression ratio of 2.2:1 to 2.6:1, the barrel profile is set from 220 °C at the feed throat to 245 °C in the metering zone, with a nozzle temperature of 250 °C and an actual melt temperature of 230–250 °C. The mold is held between 40 °C and 70 °C; higher cavity temperatures promote crystallinity and improve hinge fatigue resistance, but may extend cycle time beyond 75 s for a 2.0 mm-thick front section. Fill is controlled by flow-front velocity of 200–350 mm/s at the gate entrance to prevent jetting, followed by a packing pressure of 45–65 MPa hydraulic for 3–5 s and cooling until the part surface reaches 80 °C or lower. Screw rotation is limited so that melt residence time does not exceed 8 min; filler-induced shear heating can raise local melt temperature by 5–12 K at screw speeds above 150 rpm. Regrind from cold runners is limited to 15 wt% in the virgin fraction because higher additions reduce Charpy notched impact strength under ISO 179-1/1eA and destabilise hinge screw torque retention. Compliance for European Union eyewear distribution includes REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Article 33 communication if any SVHC exceeds 0.10% w/w and the corresponding Annex XVII restrictions on phthalates and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in long-term skin-contact plastic parts. Frame-level mechanical durability is evaluated under ISO 12870:2016 clauses for lens retention and temple fatigue, with the filled PA12 compound positioned in tests where the hinge screw pull-out force after 500 open/close cycles must not deviate by more than 15% from the as-molded baseline.
When the gate mark appears on the visible cap crown, cosmetic packaging closure stock made from this 1.10 g/cm³ natural PA12 compound requires a valve-gated hot runner rather than a conventional cold sprue or side gate. The valve pin is opened 0.3–0.5 s after the screw reaches the transfer position to pack, and the pin remains closed during the initial 0.2 s of injection so that the melt absorbs initial shear energy before entering the cavity. Melt temperature is held between 235 °C and 245 °C; higher temperatures reduce gate blush but accelerate yellowing of the natural grade under repeated heat history. The packing profile uses 50 MPa for 2 s followed by 30 MPa for 4 s; overpacking beyond 8% of shot volume creates a frosted lip on the cap outer diameter because the high-density filler concentrates at the cavity boundary and increases mold release force. The compound is processed without internal lubricant overdose. If external mold release is required for deep-thread unscrewing, only PA-compatible silicone spray is used at a deposit below 0.02 mg/cm² to avoid interference with hot-foil stamping and lacquer adhesion. Cosmetic closures manufactured from the grade must comply with Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 for cosmetic product packaging, and the plastic component itself is assessed for heavy metal release under EU 94/62/EC packaging waste directives and REACH Annex XVII entries that restrict certain phthalates in articles with repeated skin contact. Closure torque retention is evaluated by ASTM D2063-22 with a continuous-thread cap on a glass bottle, comparing initial removal torques after 24 h conditioning at 23 °C/50% RH and after 72 h at 40 °C with the cap filled with a cotton pad wetted with a 10% ethanol/water simulant. End products include threaded caps, compact closures with integrally molded hinge pinholes, and lipstick tube heels that use the added mass to create a lower centre of gravity during application.
For household appliance rotary knobs and slide switch levers, the compound is processed when the design target is a 1.10 g/cm³ natural polymer that damps detent vibrations without the metallic ring of an inserted weight. The part is gated at the hub rather than the rim so that weld lines are pushed to low-stress regions near the torque-transmitting centre; a single submarine gate of 1.2 mm diameter is sufficient for a knob with a 0.9 mm nominal wall thickness, but the gate must be moved to a tab when the outer diameter exceeds 35 mm to prevent incomplete filling at the knurled rim. The mold is run at 50 °C and the melt at 240 °C; cycle time for a 2.2 g knob falls in the 18–22 s range when a cold runner of 4 mm diameter is used. Appliance-grade compliance is demonstrated through IEC 60695-2-11:2021 glow-wire flammability at 550 °C and 650 °C for unsupervised appliances, while the exposed plastic housing may additionally require UL 94 HB certification. Dimensional stability under kitchen steam exposure is supported by the low water absorption of PA12; immersion testing under ISO 62:2008 for 24 h at 23 °C produces a mass increase in the unfilled polymer of less than 0.3%. The filled compound is expected to exhibit an even lower equilibrium value due to filler volume exclusion, although published data for this exact configuration is limited. If the molder dry-blends a colour masterbatch, the let-down ratio is maintained between 1.0 wt% and 2.5 wt% using a PA12 carrier; higher ratios introduce carrier-induced melt temperature depression and can lower the heat deflection temperature under ISO 75-2:2013 at 1.8 MPa. End products include steam iron rotary knobs, kitchen mixer dial caps, and vacuum cleaner handle release buttons that require repeated detent cycling, with the natural grade coloured in-plant or supplied pre-coloured subject to a batch-to-batch L*a*b* tolerance of ΔE < 0.7.
Because cabin sunload and isopropanol-based cleaning wipes create an aggressive chemical environment, automotive interior trim teams evaluate the PA12 compound for mass-consistent selector bezels and gearshift trim rings. The grade is injection molded in a hot-oil mold at 60 °C to maximise surface crystallinity and resistance to stress cracking from IPA/palm oil mixtures. The cavity is vented with 0.015 mm deep peripheral vents at 25 mm intervals because the filled melt evolves gas from adsorbed moisture and can deposit a low-molecular-weight film on the mold surface after 4–6 h of continuous cycling. The process uses 80 rpm screw speed during recovery with 0.5 MPa back pressure and transfer to packing by screw position at 2 mm before the end of cushion. For a gearshift trim ring weighing 12 g, the gate is a 1.5 mm side gate on a cold sprue; for selector bezels, a tunnel gate into a concealed edge is preferred because the lower surface cannot be machined after molding. Automotive compliance is anchored by FMVSS 302 flammability for occupant compartment materials, with the specimen thickness at 3.0 mm and a burn rate not exceeding 100 mm/min. Cabin air quality requirements add VDA 270:2022 odour testing, where the part is conditioned in a 1 L glass vessel at 80 °C for 2 h and evaluated by a panel; the target is no odour above grade 3 for most OEM specifications. Fogging is assessed under DIN 75201:2011 gravimetric method, with a 100 °C oil bath and 21 °C glass plate for 16 h; a condensate mass above 2 mg is typically rejected. Regrind use is limited to 10 wt% because higher additions broaden the molecular weight distribution and decrease elongation at break under ISO 527-2:2012 in the cold-trimmed weld region. End products include rotary gear selector bezels, steering wheel switch frames, seat adjustment handle covers, and door trim spear anchors.
During thin-wall injection of stylus barrels and earbud counterweight shells, the material is specified where the higher density shifts the centre of mass without increasing external dimensions. For a stylus barrel with a 0.8 mm wall thickness and a flow length/thickness ratio of 180:1, injection speed at the screw is set to 120–180 mm/s, with a boost pressure spike of 110 MPa at the start of fill to overcome the non-Newtonian viscosity plateau of the filled PA12. The cavity is evacuated through vacuum channels at -0.08 MPa for the final 10% of the flow length, preventing gas burn at the closed end. Mold temperature is set to 70 °C to preserve a glossy outer surface, and the part is removed at a surface temperature of 85 °C to avoid ejection-induced deformation. The natural colour is compatible with post-mold physical vapour deposition, but the mold surface must be diamond polished to Ra < 0.05 µm because any micro roughness telegraphs through the filled surface during shrinkage. Compliance for electronics accessories is demonstrated by RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU with IEC 62321-5:2013 and IEC 62321-7-2:2017 test methods for Pb, Cd, Hg, and Cr(VI) below the 0.10% homogeneous material threshold, and phthalate screening under IEC 62321-8:2017. The blend ratio in production is 100% virgin material for parts below 5 mm thickness; where regrind is used in remote control back plates, it is limited to 8 wt% and blended offline in a gravimetric mixer to avoid segregation of the dense filler. End products include active stylus pen housings, wireless earbud tail counterweights, and weighted remote control chassis plates.
In sporting goods applications, the compound is used for archery stabilizer weights, fishing reel balance inserts, and bicycle handlebar end plugs where the cyclic load profile is moderate but the part must survive repeated impact and outdoor UV exposure. The key process conflict is filler orientation: when the gate is located at one end of a plate-like insert, the denser filler aligns parallel to flow and creates anisotropic shrinkage that can produce warpage of 0.8–1.2% of the long dimension after 24 h moisture conditioning. The molder locates the gate at the geometric centre of a symmetrical insert and uses a fan gate with a 1.0 mm land length to produce radial orientation and uniform in-plane shrinkage. Melt temperature is limited to 230 °C because higher temperatures reduce the PA12 matrix viscosity and allow the filler to migrate toward the frozen layer more aggressively, lowering the Izod notched impact of the as-molded part under ISO 180/A. The mold is cooled with 12 °C water on the moving half and 40 °C water on the fixed half to create thermal asymmetry that biases warpage toward the non-visible face. For fishing reel balance inserts, the insert is overmolded around a stainless steel bushing after the bushing is heated to 90 °C; the PA12 compound is injected at 235 °C with a packing pressure of 40 MPa for 3 s to seal the interface against saltwater penetration. Compliance for sports hardware includes REACH Annex XVII restrictions on phthalates and cadmium in consumer articles, and for U.S. distribution the lead content limit of 100 mg/kg under the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act where applicable to recreational components. End products include archery stabilizer discs, saltwater fishing reel side plates, and enduro bicycle handlebar weights, with the natural grade coloured in black or grey via 1.0–2.0 wt% PA-based masterbatch.
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Avient Gravi-Tech™ GRV-NP-110-W-NAT Polyamide 12 (Nylon 12) is a high-density thermoplastic compound in which a polyamide 12 matrix carries a particulate high-atomic-mass filler system. The grade designation encodes a nominal specific gravity of 11.0 g/cm³, measured according to ISO 1183-1:2019. This is approximately ten times the density of unfilled PA12 and within 0.3 g/cm³ of metallic lead. The compound is supplied in natural color and is intended for injection molding. The PA12 matrix contributes low equilibrium moisture uptake, resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons, and low-temperature ductility. The dense filler system dominates mass per unit volume; mechanical, thermal, and rheological values therefore cannot be inferred from unfilled nylon 12 data.
The primary specification is density. Under ISO 1183-1:2019, unfilled PA12 exhibits a specific gravity in the range of 1.01 to 1.04, and glass fiber reinforced PA12 grades generally fall between 1.23 and 1.60. This product therefore reaches 11.0 g/cm³, which is a factor of roughly seven to ten higher than glass-filled polyamide 12. The filler is selected for density rather than stiffness, so modulus, impact resistance, and elongation are not equivalent to conventional filled polyamides. Published product-specific mechanical values for GRV-NP-110-W-NAT are limited; the current Avient technical datasheet and safety data sheet should be consulted for lot-specific values. Because the grade is a thermoplastic compound, it can be molded into ribs, snap-fit features, threaded bosses, and overmolded structures that cast lead cannot produce without secondary machining.
Compared with metallic lead, the polymer matrix reduces the possibility of galvanic corrosion when the part is assembled into a metal housing exposed to salt spray conditions; however, published corrosion data for this exact compound are limited. Additionally, the material is lead-free under the RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU as amended by (EU) 2015/863. The product is not a direct structural substitute for lead in stiffness or heat deflection; if load-bearing capacity is needed, ribs or co-molded inserts must carry the mechanical load.
At 11.0 g/cm³, the compound approaches the 11.3 g/cm³ density of lead but can be molded into integrated geometries that lead casting cannot produce without additional machining. In comparison with glass-filled PA12, the factor of roughly seven to nine in density allows parts to be significantly thinner in the mass-generating axis while retaining the same inertial effect. The polymer matrix also reduces the tendency for galvanic coupling that can occur when a metallic weight is inserted into a dissimilar metal housing.
| Material system | Nominal specific gravity | Typical processing route | Primary restriction |
|---|---|---|---|
| GRV-NP-110-W-NAT (PA12) | 11.0 g/cm³ | Injection molding | Tool wear; limited colorability |
| Unfilled PA12 | 1.01–1.04 g/cm³ | Injection molding | Insufficient mass for weighting |
| Glass-fiber PA12 | 1.23–1.60 g/cm³ | Injection molding | Density still below metal replacement targets |
| Lead | 11.3 g/cm³ | Casting, machining | RoHS restriction; lack of polymer toughness |
Replacing lead with this grade is generally justified when the application demands a combination of high mass, design integration, and compliance with the lead restrictions of EU RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU as amended by (EU) 2015/863. The compound is not a direct drop-in for metallic lead in terms of stiffness or heat deflection; design calculations should separate gravitational mass from structural load. Where stiffness is required, ribs or metal co-molded inserts may be necessary.
Processing of polyamide 12 is conventionally conducted with melt temperatures between 220°C and 260°C and mold temperatures from 40°C to 80°C. For high-density filled grades such as GRV-NP-110-W-NAT, the barrel profile should be set toward the lower end of this range. The metallic filler increases the thermal conductivity of the melt; this can accelerate heat transfer from the barrel walls and shorten the residence time needed to reach a homogeneous temperature, but it also raises screw recovery torque and barrel and screw wear. Injection units with 18:1 to 20:1 L/D general-purpose reciprocating screws and hardened check rings have been used for metal-filled thermoplastics. Shot size calculations should use mass rather than volume because a 1 cm³ cavity volume requires approximately 11.0 g of melt instead of roughly 1.0 g for unfilled PA12.
Drying is a gate condition. Polyamide 12 hydrolyzes above a moisture content threshold; for unfilled grades, processing guidelines commonly specify drying at 80°C for 4 to 6 hours to achieve residual moisture below 0.10% by mass. High-density filled compounds contain less hygroscopic polymer per unit mass, but surface moisture on the filler and condensation during material handling still require controlled drying. A desiccant dryer with a dew point of −30°C or lower is used in production. If the material is exposed to relative humidity above 60% for extended periods, moisture regain can occur. Melt splay, nozzle drool, and reduced molecular weight are failure signatures of insufficient drying.
For sizing an injection unit, the mass-per-cavity calculation uses the nominal density. A 20 cm³ cavity requires 220 g of melt, not 20 g; a four-cavity tool therefore requires 880 g per shot plus sprue and runner. This density also changes nozzle shut-off behavior; decompression after plasticating may need to be reduced because the heavy melt can drool under gravity. On hydraulic machines, shot volume may be adequate but plasticating capacity in grams per second is often the limiting factor. The plasticating rate of a general-purpose 35 mm diameter screw rated for 50 g/s with unfilled PA12 may be lower in practical metal-filled service because of increased torque and wear; published plasticating rates for this compound are not available.
Polyamide 12 has approximately one amide group per twelve methylene carbons, compared with one per six for PA6. The lower amide density reduces equilibrium moisture absorption and the associated hygroscopic swelling. Under ISO 62:2008, unfilled PA12 at 23°C and 50% relative humidity reaches approximately 0.2% moisture by mass, whereas PA6 and PA66 absorb in the range of 2.5–3.0% under the same conditions. In a high-density compound, the absolute moisture uptake per unit mass is further reduced because the polymer fraction is lower. This matters in precision weighing and balancing applications where dimensional change from humidity can shift the center of mass. For products exposed to automotive oils, greases, and aliphatic hydrocarbons, the PA12 matrix provides resistance; however, concentrated sulfuric acid, formic acid, and strong oxidizing acids degrade the matrix. The material is also susceptible to UV weathering unless carbon black or suitable stabilizers are added.
The choice of PA12 over PA6 or PA66 also reduces the depression of the glass transition temperature caused by absorbed water. PA12 generally shows less change in modulus with seasonal humidity because less water is absorbed per unit polymer mass. This does not eliminate expansion from thermal cycles; linear thermal expansion of the compound is not equivalent to unfilled PA12 and current published data for this specific grade is limited. Designers should not use coefficient of linear thermal expansion values from unfilled PA12 for tolerance stack analyses.
High-density filled systems present two process conflicts: screw recovery torque and thermal homogeneity. Because the melt density is around 11.0 g/cm³, the same volumetric dose contains far more mass than a conventional compound. The screw must convey and melt a dense, thermally conductive mixture; back pressure settings above 1.0 MPa can increase shear heating and wear without improving melt quality. Melt uniformity is less likely to be achieved with short L/D screws below 18:1. The use of reverse-profile general-purpose screws without compression zones designed for filled materials can lead to filler accumulation in the check ring and inconsistent shot weights. On production machines, shot weight variation above ±0.3% is a control limit used for filled compounds; exact data for this grade has not been published. The appropriate remedy is to maintain screw recovery at 70% or less of the total cycle time and to use a hardened, wear-resistant screw and barrel combination.
Melt temperature above 280°C should be avoided because polyamide 12 degrades through chain scission and oxidation; the high thermal conductivity of the filler can create local hotspots at higher screw speeds. Screw speed is typically reduced relative to unfilled PA12, often below 150 rpm for medium-sized machines, because the dense filler increases viscous dissipation. Mold filling flow length is shorter than unfilled resins at the same wall thickness; spiral flow testing under ISO 1133-1 does not capture this because the test is an extrusion measurement. Published data for flow length reduction in this specific grade is limited; tooling trials should be conducted with a cavity pressure sensor to establish packing parameters.
Compliance statements for the material are document-based. The supplier safety data sheet and product datasheet are the primary references. Under the EU RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU as amended by (EU) 2015/863, homogeneous materials must contain no more than 0.1% lead by weight. The high-density filler system is selected as a lead-free alternative, and the grade is positioned for applications where lead is restricted. Under REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, the manufacturer provides SVHC disclosure as applicable. The product should not be assumed to meet food-contact requirements unless a specific FDA 21 CFR or EU food-contact declaration is provided; unfilled PA12 can comply with certain food-contact standards under 21 CFR 177.1500, but high-density filler systems require separate migration testing.
| Document or standard | Designation | Product relevance |
|---|---|---|
| Density by liquid displacement | ISO 1183-1:2019 | Nominal density 11.0 g/cm³ |
| Moisture absorption of plastics | ISO 62:2008 | PA12 matrix moisture behavior |
| Tensile properties of plastics | ISO 527-2:2012 | Datasheet tensile modulus and strength |
| Melt mass-flow rate | ISO 1133-1:2022 | Datasheet melt flow value |
| Charpy impact properties | ISO 179-1:2010 | Datasheet notched and unnotched impact |
| RoHS restrictions | 2011/65/EU + (EU) 2015/863 | Lead-free mass addition |
| REACH | EC 1907/2006 | SVHC communication |
Mechanical test values for this product should be read from the manufacturer’s technical data sheet, not inferred from generic nylon 12 data. Because the filler content is high, tensile elongation at break, Charpy impact strength, and flexural modulus are expected to differ significantly from unfilled PA12. The processing conditions in the datasheet are relevant for single-point injection molded test plaques conforming to ISO 294-1; part-specific performance may vary with knit line location, wall thickness, and tool temperature. This document does not reproduce the complete datasheet.
Applications for the grade are concentrated in weight and balance inserts, vibration-damping counterweights, sports equipment weighting, hand-tool mass inserts, and specialized equipment where lead replacement is mandatory. In each case, the design must account for thermal expansion mismatch between the filled polymer and any metallic carrier, the reduced elongation of the high-density compound, and the lack of solvent weldability. The material is not recommended for end-use components requiring high-impact energies or long-term exposure to strong acids. The compound should not be blended with unapproved recycled PA12 or amine-containing color concentrates because polyamide molecular weight distribution and filler dispersion can be modified unpredictably; published compatibility data for additive packages is limited.
