| HS Code | 219081 |
| Density | 1.03 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 178 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 125 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 22 °C |
| Tensile Modulus | 350 MPa |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 45 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 300 % |
| Charpy Impact Strength Notched | No break |
| Shore D Hardness | 40 |
| Water Absorption 24h | 0.3 % |
| Water Absorption Saturation | 1.5 % |
| Flexural Modulus | 350 MPa |
| Heat Deflection Temperature At 0 45 Mpa | 48 °C |
| Volume Resistivity | 9.7e13 ohm·cm |
As an accredited Arkema Rilsan D40 NATURAL PA11 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 20 kg bag of Arkema Rilsan D40 Natural PA11 powder, sealed moisture-proof packaging to maintain flow and print performance. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Load 20′ FCL with palletized Arkema Rilsan D40 Natural PA11 bags, securely braced, moisture-protected, ventilated for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Rilsan D40 Natural PA11 is a fine polyamide powder shipped in sealed, moisture-protective packaging. Keep dry, cool, and away from ignition sources. Use standard freight with proper labeling; no special hazmat clearance required for non-hazardous form. Handle with care to prevent dust dispersion. |
| Storage | Store Arkema Rilsan D40 NATURAL PA11 in its original, unopened container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Protect from direct sunlight, heat, and moisture, as the polyamide powder is hygroscopic. Keep tightly sealed when not in use and avoid exposure to humidity to preserve flow properties. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2 years when stored sealed, dry, and protected from heat, moisture, and sunlight. |
In fuel vapour management systems for evaporative emission control, Rilsan D40 NATURAL is incorporated as the polyamide skin layer in five-layer coextruded tubing. The inner PA11 layer compound is built on 100 phr resin with a hindered phenol/phosphite stabiliser package at 0.3–0.8 phr and a processing lubricant at 0.5–1.0 phr. Maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefin tie layers are introduced at 2–5 wt% of total wall thickness, and the EVOH barrier core is held at 5–10 wt% of total wall thickness; the outer PA11 skin occupies 50–65 wt% of total wall thickness. Production is performed on a five-layer coextrusion line with barrier screws of 28:1 L/D, melt temperatures of 220–245°C, and vacuum calibration at −0.6 to −0.9 bar. Dimensional and permeability validation references SAE J2260, ISO 11424, and ASTM D1434. Terminal products include EVAP canister purge lines, positive crankcase ventilation tubing, and fuel filler vent lines.
| Layer sequence | Composition | Addition ratio | Primary function | Test standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 — Inner skin | Rilsan D40 NATURAL + 0.3–0.8 phr stabiliser | 25–35 wt% of wall | Fuel and condensate resistance | ISO 11424 |
| 2 — Tie | Maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefin | 2–5 wt% | Adhesion to EVOH | ISO 8256 |
| 3 — Barrier core | EVOH, ethylene 27–32 mol% | 5–10 wt% | Hydrocarbon permeation control | ASTM D1434 |
| 4 — Tie | Maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefin | 2–5 wt% | Adhesion to outer PA11 | ISO 8256 |
| 5 — Outer skin | Rilsan D40 NATURAL / PA11 compound | 50–65 wt% | Abrasion and kink resistance | SAE J2260 |
Rapid gas decompression failure in unbonded flexible riser internal pressure sheaths is governed by explosive decompression after hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide saturation at 60–90°C. Rilsan D40 NATURAL is processed as the extruded thermoplastic barrier over the interlocked carcass; the formulation remains 100 phr base resin, with an antioxidant masterbatch added at 1.0–2.0 phr and an internal lubricant limited to 0.2–0.5 phr to avoid plasticising the crystalline phase. Pellets are dried at 80°C for 4–6 h to ≤0.05 wt% moisture before melt processing. Melt temperature is maintained within 230–250°C; sustained melt residence above 260°C for 20 min induces thermo-oxidative chain scission, detected as a reduction in oxidative induction time under ISO 11357-6 and an increase in melt volume rate under ISO 1133-1:2022. Extrusion uses a single-screw barrier screw with 30:1 L/D and a melt pump to hold die head pressure at 12–18 MPa; the sheath is layered over the carcass at line speeds of 2–8 m/min depending on diameter. Acceptance testing is aligned to API Spec 17J and ISO 13628-2, with rapid gas decompression qualification under NORSOK M-710. Terminal components include unbonded flexible risers of 4–16 in inner diameter, subsea water injection flowlines, and methanol injection lines.
On commercial trailer air brake lines, the required burst strength and flexibility are obtained by coextruding an inner PA11 layer from Rilsan D40 NATURAL with a black PA12 outer layer. The PA11 inner layer comprises 60–75 wt% of the total tube mass, the PA12 outer layer 20–35 wt%, and the tie layer 3–8 wt%; internal lubricant is added at 0.3–0.8 wt% of the PA11 layer only. Coextrusion is run at 220–240°C melt temperature with a vacuum sizing tank at −0.4 to −0.7 bar, achieving outside diameter tolerances of ±0.05 mm at line speeds of 20–50 m/min. Finished tube is tested per SAE J844 and ISO 7628-1 for burst pressure at 23°C and 100°C, kink resistance, and stress crack resistance. Terminal items include tractor-trailer air brake lines, gearbox breather lines, and suspension valve tubing.
Although PA12 remains the reference polymer for automotive thermal management, Rilsan D40 NATURAL is specified in certain low water saturation battery cooling circuits where anhydrous coolant chemistry and low acid formation reduce the risk of hydrolytic embrittlement. The compound uses 100 phr PA11 with a heat stabiliser at 0.3–0.8 phr and a reactive impact modifier at 2–6 phr; conductive carbon black is excluded because the natural grade is used for non-conductive coolant loops. Tube extrusion is performed on a mono-layer line with an L/D of 24:1, melt temperature of 215–235°C, and post-extrusion annealing at 120°C for 4 h to stabilise crystallinity before fitting assembly. Validation references SAE J20 for coolant hose performance and ASTM D648 for heat deflection at 0.45 MPa. Published multi-axial fatigue data for this exact grade in EV coolant loops is limited; vehicle-specific pulse testing is therefore required before production release. Terminal products include battery pack cold plate loop tubing, power electronics coolant return lines, and stationary energy storage liquid cooling conduits.
For railway rolling stock control cables, Rilsan D40 NATURAL is melt-compounded into a halogen-free jacketing compound before single-screw cable extrusion. The compound uses 100 phr PA11 base, 5–10 phr polymeric plasticiser, 10–18 phr phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant, and 0.5–1.0 phr hindered phenol antioxidant. Amine-based stabiliser systems are avoided in this jacket formulation because they plate out on the crosshead die and skew elongation at break after heat ageing under EN 60811-1. Crosshead die extrusion at 220–245°C and 80–150 bar melt pressure is followed by water cooling at 50–70°C; jacket thickness for EN 50264 cables is maintained at 0.4–1.2 mm depending on conductor cross-section. Fire performance is assessed under EN 50264-1 and NFPA 130, with cable sheathing measured against IEC 60092-360 for shipboard use. Terminal finished goods include Ethernet and control cable jackets in metro rolling stock, offshore crane reel cables, and robotic torsion cable sheaths.
High-purity transfer lines for beverage and dairy plants require a smooth-bore extruded tube without external slip agents or secondary plasticiser. Rilsan D40 NATURAL is processed neat at 100 phr; only 0.1–0.3 phr of an FDA-listed process aid is permitted when torque exceeds 70 N·m on a 25:1 L/D single-screw extruder. Melt temperature is limited to 215–235°C to minimise low-molecular-weight volatile emission, and the die is polished stainless steel with Ra < 0.8 µm surface finish. Fluid contact compliance is verified under FDA 21 CFR 177.1500 and EU Regulation 10/2011, with specific migration testing for 11-aminoundecanoic acid conducted per the final product surface-to-volume ratio. Terminal products include pressurised beer transfer tubing, dairy sampling lines, and clean compressed air distribution lines in aseptic packaging.
Injection moulding of push-in pneumatic connectors from Rilsan D40 NATURAL differs from tubing extrusion primarily in melt residence time control. The formulation uses 100 phr PA11 with a heat stabiliser at 0.5–1.5 phr and an impact modifier at 2–6 phr; pellets are dried at 80°C for 4–6 h to ≤0.08 wt% moisture. Open hopper residence time is limited to 2 h when ambient relative humidity exceeds 60% because moisture regain shifts moulding viscosity and increases dimensional scatter on thread forms. Moulding parameters include melt temperature 230–260°C, mould temperature 40–80°C, injection pressure 80–120 MPa, and clamp force 80–150 t for multi-cavity tools. Dimensional and functional acceptance follows ISO 14743 and ISO 228-1 for threaded body geometries. Terminal products include push-in pneumatic connector bodies, cable gland locking nuts, and industrial sensor housings.
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Arkema Rilsan D40 NATURAL PA11 is an uncoloured polyamide 11 resin produced from 11-aminoundecanoic acid derived from castor oil. The material is designated PA11 under ISO 1043-1 and is supplied in pellet form for injection moulding and extrusion where a natural, unpigmented thermoplastic is required. Published manufacturer data place the density between 1.03 g/cm³ and 1.05 g/cm³ by ISO 1183-1, with a melting endotherm peak near 188 °C measured to ISO 11357-3. Water absorption at saturation is approximately 1.7–1.9 % by ISO 62, which separates the material from short-chain polyamides such as PA6 and PA66.
Typical uses include injection-moulded clips, fasteners, cable ties, connectors, fittings, flexible tubing, and fluid-handling components that require low moisture uptake, resistance to hydrocarbon oils and greases, and low-temperature ductility. The natural colour permits downstream colouring with masterbatch and inspection of moulded parts without pigment masking. The same unpigmented state removes carbon-black UV screening, so the grade is not assigned to long-term direct weathering unless stabilised by compounding or post-mould coating.
Mechanical data reported for D40 NATURAL include tensile yield stress of 35–45 MPa and tensile modulus of 1100–1400 MPa when tested to ISO 527-2 on dry-as-moulded type 1A specimens at 23 °C. Elongation at break typically exceeds 200 %. Flexural modulus by ISO 178 is approximately 900–1200 MPa. Notched Charpy impact values by ISO 179-1/1eA at 23 °C are reported from 6 kJ/m² to 10 kJ/m². Heat deflection temperature under 0.45 MPa by ISO 75-2/B is near 150 °C; under 1.8 MPa, the value is approximately 55 °C. Vicat softening temperature by ISO 306 is approximately 180 °C.
Drying is the first process boundary. Before injection moulding or extrusion, residual pellet moisture must be reduced below 0.1 % by desiccant drying at 80–90 °C for 4–6 h. At ambient relative humidity above 60 %, open-air drying is insufficient because PA11 pellets reabsorb surface moisture rapidly. Melt processing with moisture above the threshold causes hydrolysis-induced molecular-weight loss, observed as low melt viscosity, gate splay, silver streaks, and reduced tensile elongation in moulded parts.
Injection-moulding melt temperatures for D40 NATURAL are normally set between 250 °C and 280 °C at the nozzle. Mould temperature should be held between 40 °C and 80 °C. In hot-runner systems, the principal processing conflict is thermal distribution in the manifold. At local melt temperatures above 290 °C, thermal-oxidative chain scission begins to reduce molecular weight and yellows the natural polymer. Total residence time in the barrel and hot runner should remain below 10 min. Production-scale hot-runner controllers are therefore set below 280 °C, and gate melt temperature is checked with infrared probes to identify manifold gradients. Screws with compression ratios of 2.2:1 to 2.8:1 and L/D ratios of 20:1 to 24:1 limit frictional superheat. Back pressure is maintained at 5–10 bar hydraulic for consistent shot weight without excessive shear.
The mould-temperature floor affects knit-line performance. At 40 °C or below, thin-wall natural parts can show visible weld lines and reduced impact because the flow front freezes before full molecular entanglement. Raising tool temperature to 60–80 °C improves weld strength but raises cycle time. Mould cooling water below 20 °C can increase differential shrinkage and ejection drag in unfilled natural PA11, especially on highly polished cores or deep ribs.
The chemical resistance profile of D40 NATURAL follows the general behaviour of PA11: high resistance to aliphatic hydrocarbons, mineral oils, diesel, greases, glycols, and many alkaline or salt solutions at room temperature. Strong mineral acids, concentrated formic acid, phenols, cresols, and hot concentrated calcium chloride solutions attack the amide linkage and should not be used. Oxygenated fuels and aggressive biodiesel blends require component testing to ISO 175; at continuous service temperatures above 80 °C with high-peroxide biodiesel, published data for this specific configuration is limited.
The low saturated moisture uptake of PA11 provides a dimensional-stability advantage in humid service. PA6 absorbs approximately 9–10 % water at saturation, while D40 NATURAL remains below 2 %. This difference reduces moisture-induced swelling and glass transition depression. The grade is therefore specified for pneumatic tubing, fuel-vapour connectors, and fluid-sensing components where PA6 would exhibit excessive dimensional change or electrical property drift.
| Property / test designation | D40 NATURAL PA11 | PA12 representative | PA6 representative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density, ISO 1183-1 | 1.04 g/cm³ | 1.01 g/cm³ | 1.14 g/cm³ |
| Water absorption at saturation, ISO 62 | 1.7–1.9 % | 1.5 % | 9–10 % |
| Tensile modulus, ISO 527-2 | 1100–1400 MPa | 1200–1500 MPa | 2800–3200 MPa |
| Heat deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa, ISO 75-2/B | 150 °C | 130 °C | 160 °C |
| Notched Charpy impact at 23 °C, ISO 179-1/1eA | 6–10 kJ/m² | 5–8 kJ/m² | 4–6 kJ/m² |
The substitution difference against PA12 is partly thermal. D40 NATURAL has a melting point approximately 8–13 °C higher than typical PA12 homopolymer, so it retains mechanical stiffness to a slightly higher service temperature. The renewable carbon content of the PA11 chain, measured as bio-based carbon fraction to ASTM D6866, is normally above 90 % for castor-oil-derived polymer. PA12 is predominantly fossil-derived unless specifically produced as bio-based. Against PA6, the PA11 product has lower tensile modulus but substantially lower moisture absorption and better dimensional stability in humid environments.
Within the PA11 family, the D40 NATURAL grade is unplasticised and unpigmented. It is not equivalent to black UV-stabilised PA11 grades or to grades containing internal lubricants or impact modifiers. The natural product should be specified only when the application does not require long-term UV resistance, unless post-moulding coating or stabilisation is used. Published data for natural D40 under prolonged outdoor weathering is limited.
| Regulation / test designation | Scope |
|---|---|
| ISO 1043-1 | Polyamide 11 identity |
| ISO 1183-1 | Density |
| ISO 62 | Water absorption |
| ISO 527-2 | Tensile properties |
| ISO 178 | Flexural properties |
| ISO 179-1/1eA | Charpy impact, notched |
| ISO 75-2/B | Heat deflection temperature |
| ISO 306 | Vicat softening temperature |
| ISO 175 | Chemical resistance testing |
| ASTM D6866 | Bio-based carbon content |
| REACH, EC 1907/2006 | Registration and substance communication |
| RoHS, 2011/65/EU | Restricted substances |
In fasteners and clips exposed to temperature excursions from -40 °C to 120 °C, D40 NATURAL can replace PA12 if the conversion accounts for the higher melt temperature and faster solidification of PA11. Tooling originally sized for PA12 with nozzle temperatures of 220–250 °C must be raised to 260–280 °C. Valve-gated hot-runner systems may require revised gate timers and thermocouple offsets; premature gate freeze can occur because PA11 crystallises at a higher temperature than PA12. Mould temperature should be raised to 60 °C or above where weld lines cross high-stress regions.
The cold impact of PA11 is approximately comparable to PA12 in dry conditions at -30 °C, but moisture absorption alters the comparison in humid service. Because PA11 absorbs slightly more moisture than PA12, its modulus and yield stress in high-humidity environments can soften more than PA12, though far less than PA6. Mould shrinkage and post-mould dimensional change should be verified in the actual tool. Typical unfilled PA11 mould shrinkage is on the order of 1–2 %; actual values depend on wall thickness, gate geometry, and process temperature. In production-scale conversion, screw recovery speed and cushion position should be re-established after the melt-temperature change. The process-control limits for the moulded part should include part mass, gate-string length, and notched impact on first-shot samples. Without these controls, batch-to-batch variation in natural PA11 viscosity can shift dimensions in thin-wall sections.
