| HS Code | 410336 |
| Product Name | Arkema Rilsan BESN BLACK P123 TL PA11 |
| Density | 1.04 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 185 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 170 °C |
| Tensile Strength At Yield | 55 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 350% |
| Tensile Modulus | 1650 MPa |
| Flexural Modulus | 1400 MPa |
| Charpy Impact Strength | 35 kJ/m² |
| Shore D Hardness | 72 |
| Water Absorption | 1.2% |
| Heat Deflection Temperature | 65 °C |
| Brittleness Temperature | -40 °C |
As an accredited Arkema Rilsan BESN BLACK P123 TL PA11 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in 25 kg moisture-proof bags, this black PA11 resin is packaged to preserve quality during storage and transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL shipment of Arkema Rilsan BESN Black P123 TL PA11 polyamide resin, packed in bags on pallets for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Rilsan® BESN BLACK P123 TL PA11 is a fine polyamide 11 powder for 3D printing. Ship in sealed, grounded containers to prevent moisture uptake and static accumulation. Keep dry, cool, and away from ignition sources; avoid dust clouds. Not classified as dangerous goods under standard transport regulations. |
| Storage | Store Rilsan BESN BLACK P123 TL PA11 in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. Protect the powder from moisture and humidity, as water absorption can degrade print quality. Keep at room temperature and use within the manufacturer’s stated shelf life. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 3 years when stored unopened in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. |
Arkema Rilsan BESN BLACK P123 TL PA11 is specified for heavy-duty vehicle air brake tube production where SAE J844 and ISO 7628-2 impose simultaneous cold-impact, burst, and heat-ageing requirements. The compound is charged to a single-screw extruder with an L/D ratio from 24:1 to 30:1 and a compression ratio of 2.8:1 to 3.2:1; a gear pump is placed between the screw tip and the crosshead to hold melt-pressure variation within ±0.5 MPa, because wall-thickness oscillation measured by an ultrasonic gauge must remain below 0.05 mm for an 8 mm outside diameter by 6 mm inside diameter tube. In this application the formulation is run at 100 wt% virgin resin; post-industrial regrind is not used in safety-critical air brake line production because SAE J844 burst-test scatter increases when the melt-flow history of reprocessed PA11 is not traceable. Pre-drying is performed at 80 °C to 90 °C for 4 h to 6 h with desiccant air having a dew point below -40 °C, reducing residual moisture below 0.08 wt% before the feed throat. Terminal product types produced with this process include coiled air brake lines for truck and trailer pneumatic circuits, preformed chassis harness bundles, and suspension air-pressure tubes.
The deep process conflict is the melt-temperature window of approximately ±5 °C around 230 °C. At melt temperatures below 220 °C the black P123 TL compound shows increased die-entry elastic memory, which appears as ovality in vacuum calibration; at temperatures above 245 °C rapid carbonyl formation in PA11 produces surface microcracks after oxidative ageing and reduces SAE J844 cold-impact resistance at -40 °C. On production lines using a 45 mm barrier screw running at 35 rpm to 60 rpm, the water bath is maintained at 25 °C to 40 °C and the vacuum calibrator is held at -0.03 MPa to -0.06 MPa. The draw ratio is limited to 1.10:1 to 1.25:1 to prevent axial crystallinity asymmetry, and the tube is annealed in-line for 3 m to 5 m at 60 °C to 80 °C before cutting and inkjet marking.
| Process variable | Parameter window | Measurement equipment |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-drying conditions | 80 °C to 90 °C, 4 h to 6 h | Desiccant dryer with -40 °C dew point |
| Residual moisture | < 0.08 wt% | Karl Fischer coulometer |
| Extruder L/D | 24:1 to 30:1 | Single-screw extruder |
| Melt temperature | 225 °C to 240 °C | Melt thermocouple at die inlet |
| Vacuum calibrator pressure | -0.03 MPa to -0.06 MPa | Vacuum gauge |
| Water bath temperature | 25 °C to 40 °C | In-line thermometer |
| Draw ratio | 1.10:1 to 1.25:1 | Speed-ratio encoder |
Automotive gasoline vapor return circuits operating under CARB and Euro 6 evaporative emission limits impose a permeation ceiling that cannot be met by a monolayer PA11 tube; the PA11 therefore functions as a structural and secondary barrier layer in a multi-layer coextrusion. In this configuration the BESN BLACK P123 TL layers are processed neat at 100 wt% resin, while the overall wall composition consists of the PA11 layers, 3 wt% to 8 wt% maleic anhydride-grafted tie resin, and 3 wt% to 6 wt% ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer barrier resin. SAE J2260 and ISO 19013-1 compliance is achieved through the crystallinity of polyamide 11 rather than through an added diffusion modifier, and the PA11 mass balance is adjusted until the specified permeation target is met. Terminal parts include canister purge lines, fuel filler neck vent hoses, and fuel tank vapour vent lines for passenger cars and motorcycles.
The downstream production process is a 5-layer coextrusion line with independently controlled single-screw extruders from 30 mm to 45 mm diameter, each fitted with a melt pump to hold layer-ratio drift below 1%. The BESN BLACK P123 TL melt is held at 225 °C to 235 °C; the EVOH layer is processed on a separate low-temperature profile to avoid gel formation. Spiral mandrel die pressure is monitored at 6 MPa to 9 MPa, and ultrasonic wall measurement after vacuum calibration controls concentricity to ±0.03 mm. The primary production-scale failure mode is delamination of the PA11-tie layer interface when the tube exits the cooling bath above 35 °C or when line speed exceeds the melt relaxation capacity of the tie layer; corrective action is to reduce line speed below 25 m/min and confirm peel resistance on a flattened tube section.
Substitution of PA11 in hydraulic hose inner liners shifts the failure mode from plasticizer migration-induced stiffening to controlled crystalline orientation. For SAE 100R7 and SAE 100R8 thermoplastic hydraulic hose, the PA11 core is extruded at 100 wt% virgin resin with 0.3 wt% to 0.5 wt% of a fluoropolymer processing aid only when surface melt fracture is observed at the die exit; higher processing-aid loading is avoided because it reduces liner-to-braid adhesion required by the burst test. The inner liner is extruded on a 30 mm to 40 mm single-screw extruder with L/D 24:1 and a straight mandrel crosshead, followed by a vacuum tank set at 20 °C to 35 °C. After outside diameter and wall measurement, the liner passes through a 32-carrier braiding machine applying polyester or aramid fibre in a 2-over-2 pattern; cover extrusion then encapsulates the braid using the same PA11 or a more flexible outer PA11 grade.
The processing conflict is that the crystalline orientation developed during liner extrusion must survive braiding tension without cracking. The liner is therefore annealed at 60 °C to 90 °C for 20 min to 40 min before braiding, increasing elongation at break and reducing residual stress. ISO 3949 and SAE 100R7 require impulse testing at 100 °C with hydraulic oil; PA11 liners with residual moisture above 0.10 wt% during cover extrusion show pinholing during impulse tests because water vapour expands at the liner-cover interface. Terminal product types include lift truck hydraulic hoses, agricultural return lines, and low-pressure thermoplastic hydraulic assemblies.
| Standard | Test designation | Production relevance |
|---|---|---|
| SAE 100R7 | Hydraulic impulse test | No leakage, no liner blistering after cyclic pressure at 100 °C |
| SAE 100R8 | Higher-pressure impulse test | Liner-braid adhesion retention after impulse |
| ISO 3949 | Hydraulic hose test method | Dimensional and burst test reproducibility |
| Internal | Moisture check | < 0.10 wt% before cover extrusion |
Extended exposure to 50/50 vol% water-ethylene glycol at 80 °C in battery electric vehicle cooling loops introduces acid uptake and hydrolysis stresses not present in conventional air or fuel service. For this application, the PA11 is processed with a hydrolysis-stabilised masterbatch at 1.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% and a copper-free thermal stabiliser at 0.2 wt% to 0.5 wt%; the BESN BLACK P123 TL resin is used at 100 parts by weight, and regrind is restricted to 10 wt% only in non-pressure return lines where burst pressure is not a qualification requirement. The production line uses a 45 mm to 60 mm single-screw extruder at 30 rpm to 55 rpm, a vacuum corrugator for ribbed sections when routing flexibility is required, and an in-line laser wall gauge. Terminal component types include battery cold plate inlet/outlet tubes, power electronics coolant feed/return lines, and motor cooling bypass lines. SAE J20 serves as the coolant-hose performance reference, while ASTM D638-14 is used for tensile property verification during lot release. Published data for this exact black P123 TL configuration under severe water-glycol ageing is limited; the operational boundary is therefore derived from PA11 hydrolysis kinetics. At coolant temperatures above 85 °C, acidic degradation products from ethylene glycol oxidation can reduce the local pH below 4.0, accelerating amide bond hydrolysis. Processing control requires pre-drying below 0.10 wt% moisture and melt temperature not exceeding 245 °C; the finished line is pressure-declined for 20 min at 30 °C to 40 °C before fitting. The main production bottleneck is corrugator vacuum instability at line speeds above 12 m/min, which creates periodic wall thinning of 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm; ultrasonic feedback to vacuum level is therefore used to avoid section rejection.
SCR dosing line production for diesel exhaust fluid requires a tube lining that does not contribute extractable organic carbon into the urea solution and remains flexible after hot urea crystallisation. The BESN BLACK P123 TL grade is charged at 100 wt% virgin compound; no regrind and no external plasticizer are introduced because ISO 22241-2 defines a low leachate limit for materials in contact with AdBlue. The inner tube is extruded on a single-screw line with a 25:1 to 30:1 L/D screw, melt temperature 220 °C to 235 °C, and vacuum calibration to hold ovality below 0.05 mm; after cooling, resistance heating wire is spiral-wound under controlled tension and an outer PA11 jacket is over-extruded at 215 °C to 230 °C. Terminal parts include heated DEF dosing lines, return lines from the SCR injector, and tank vent tubes for commercial diesel engines. The primary technical risk is urea permeation into the PA11 wall during cold soak, followed by crystallisation when the fluid evaporates, which can create internal stress cracking at the inner surface. Process control therefore includes slow cooling through the PA11 crystallisation window between 180 °C and 160 °C at less than 5 °C/min, which increases the crystalline alpha-phase fraction and reduces post-mould shrinkage. A low-temperature impact check at -35 °C following ISO 179-1 is performed on each production lot because urea crystallisation lowers the effective flexibility of the inner wall; published data for this exact urea-exposed configuration is limited, so lot-level validation is used rather than an assumed long-term safety margin.
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Arkema Rilsan BESN BLACK P123 TL PA11 is a black-pigmented, unfilled medium-viscosity polyamide 11. The repeating unit is formed by polycondensation of 11-aminoundecanoic acid; the chain contains ten methylene groups between amide linkages. That structure places the material between PA12 and PA6/PA66 in moisture sensitivity and gives a combination of ductility, hydrocarbon resistance, and lower equilibrium water absorption than short-chain aliphatic polyamides. The material is supplied in pellet form for profile extrusion, tube extrusion, cable jacketing, and injection molding of fittings or clips. The BESN designation identifies the unfilled polyamide 11 base series; the P123 suffix is the supplier’s black pigmentation code, and TL is an internal stabilization marker that should be confirmed against the Arkema grade technical data sheet before release.
Published lot-specific data for the P123 black formulation are limited. The numerical reference values below are therefore presented as typical ranges for the Rilsan PA11 BESN family or for unfilled natural PA11 grades, not as guaranteed release limits. The controlling documents for production remain the supplier certificate of analysis and the grade-specific data sheet. The lower equilibrium moisture uptake of PA11 relative to PA6 or PA66 is a direct consequence of the reduced amide concentration per unit mass; this property is measured by conditioning at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity under ISO 62:2008 and is relevant to tube diameter stability in humid service. Because the grade is unfilled, the melt remains ductile and can be processed through thin-wall dies without the screw wear associated with glass reinforcement.
Incoming inspection for this grade should separate the base resin identity, the black pigment dispersion, and the stabilizer package. Solution viscosity in m-cresol is commonly recorded under ISO 307:2019; a medium-viscosity PA11 of this class typically lies between 190 cm³/g and 220 cm³/g, though the exact release limit must be taken from the supplier document. Melt volume-flow rate at 235 °C with 2.16 kg under ISO 1133-1:2022 serves as a check for heat history and regrind contamination. Density measured by ISO 1183-1:2019 should fall near 1.03–1.05 g/cm³; carbon black generally raises density by a few thousandths of a gram per cubic centimetre relative to natural resin, so the actual black grade value should be used for feed-factor calculations.
Carbon black dispersion is not fully captured by melt-flow or density data. On production-scale tube lines, poor dispersion appears as black specks, surface roughness, or local variations in wall thickness. Incoming lots should be checked on a microtomed film under transmitted-light microscopy and compared with the supplier’s release standard. Moisture content at receiving should be measured by ISO 15512:2019 or equivalent Karl Fischer titration; resin stored in unheated warehouses above 60 % relative humidity frequently arrives above the recommended processing moisture and must be dried before use. In lot-to-lot traceability, the production date, dryer settings, and melt temperature history should be recorded because PA11 can undergo molecular weight shift if stored hot and humid. A dilute-solution viscosity check can distinguish a low-viscosity lot from a heat-damaged lot; the former may be usable, while the latter should not be blended into production without approval.
Extrusion processors running small-diameter PA11 tubing on 24:1 to 30:1 single-screw machines should use a barrier screw with a mixing section and a screen pack in the 60/80/100-mesh range. A melt temperature of 235–250 °C at the die is typical for unfilled PA11; the feed throat should remain cool enough to prevent pellet softening and bridging. Carbon black increases viscous dissipation, therefore screw speed may need to be reduced relative to natural PA11 to hold the same melt temperature. If melt temperature exceeds 280 °C, black specks, viscosity loss, and surface defects from incipient thermal degradation become more likely; hot-runner systems should be designed for minimum hold-up and internally polished flow paths.
Drying is mandatory if moisture exceeds 0.10 %. Desiccant drying at 80–90 °C for 4–6 h with a dew point of −30 °C or lower brings most wet PA11 back into the processing range. If hot-air tray drying is used, the time depends on ambient humidity and pellet bed depth, but moisture after drying should be confirmed by ISO 15512:2019 or a calibrated Karl Fischer titrator. Residual moisture above 0.15 % contributes to splay, bubbles, and lower apparent melt viscosity. Over-drying at excessive temperatures or for extended periods can oxidize pellet surfaces and create off-color specks.
The die land length and draw-down ratio for PA11 should be selected to minimize frozen-in orientation in the final tube. Excessively high draw ratio may increase axial strength but reduces hoop stress capability and can produce splitting during flaring. Normal tube calibration for PA11 uses vacuum-sizing tanks with closed-loop water temperature control. If the cooling water is too cold, surface skinning may trap inner heat and produce voids; if it is too warm, the tube may sag before solidification. The melt temperature should be verified with an immersion probe at the die rather than inferred from barrel set-points; a temperature shift of 5–10 °C across the melt can indicate excessive shear heating from the carbon black phase.
PA11 and PA12 occupy the same low-moisture aliphatic polyamide class, but the shorter PA11 repeat unit produces a higher melting peak near 186–192 °C under ISO 11357-3 and a slightly stiffer dry tensile modulus. Replacement of PA12 with PA11 is therefore not a drop-in change when downstream sizing calibrators, cooling trough length, and haul-off tension are tuned for the lower solidification temperature of PA12. Tube collapse resistance at elevated temperature can improve, but low-temperature flexibility may shift; the exact balance should be measured by ISO 527-2:2012 across the required temperature range and by low-temperature impact testing under ISO 179-1/1eA.
Hydrocarbon resistance in fuel, oil, or brake fluid is application-specific. Swell and property retention after immersion should be evaluated under ISO 1817:2015 or ISO 175:2010. PA11 is generally specified where fuel resistance and dimensional stability are required, but plasticizer extraction and hydrolysis can occur simultaneously in aggressive fluid mixtures; no single immersion test should be used to qualify a new line. The black carbon loading may reduce the transparency of natural PA11 and can alter surface energy; published comparative data for the P123 black resin in fuel-contact service are limited, so qualification must include the actual black compound rather than a natural PA11 analogue.
Table 1 summarizes representative unfilled natural-grade ranges. Values are not lot-specific for Rilsan BESN BLACK P123 TL; black pigmentation can shift each value by several percent.
| Property | Method | Rilsan PA11 typical | PA12 typical | PA6 typical | PA66 typical |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density at 23 °C | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 1.03–1.05 g/cm³ | 1.01–1.03 g/cm³ | 1.12–1.14 g/cm³ | 1.13–1.15 g/cm³ |
| Melting peak | ISO 11357-3 | 186–192 °C | 175–180 °C | 220–223 °C | 258–264 °C |
| Saturation moisture at 23 °C | ISO 62:2008 | 1.8–2.5 % | 1.5–2.0 % | 9.0–10.0 % | 8.0–9.0 % |
| Dry tensile modulus | ISO 527-2:2012 | 1300–1500 MPa | 1200–1500 MPa | 2800–3300 MPa | 3100–3600 MPa |
| Notched Charpy at −30 °C | ISO 179-1/1eA | 4–6 kJ/m² | 5–8 kJ/m² | 2–3 kJ/m² | 2–3 kJ/m² |
The table shows that PA11 and PA12 differ most from PA6 and PA66 in saturation moisture uptake and sub-zero Charpy impact. The lower moisture absorption of PA11 reduces the dry-to-conditioned property swing and the dimensional change caused by humidity; therefore PA11 is often preferred over PA6 or PA66 in precision tube and cable jacket applications where wet-service dimensions are controlled by ISO 62:2008 conditioning and dimensional verification. The dry tensile modulus of PA6 and PA66 is higher, so PA11 is not a direct mechanical substitute when high stiffness at room temperature is the sole design requirement. Selection of PA11 is generally driven by wet-service dimensional stability, sub-zero impact, or hydrocarbon contact; selection of PA66 is driven by heat resistance and high-temperature strength.
Thermal stability of PA11 is not a single melting or processing number. Melt processing at moderate temperature is limited by oxidation and hydrolysis, while long-term dry-heat service is evaluated by accelerated aging. The supplier’s continuous-use thermal class should be taken from IEC 60216 or UL 746B data for the specific stabilization package; values for unstabilized natural PA11 should not be applied without confirmation. In hot-water service above 90 °C, hydrolytic degradation can reduce molecular weight; validation should include tensile retention after immersion under ISO 175:2010 and solution-viscosity tracking under ISO 307:2019.
The material should not be processed or serviced in contact with strong oxidizing acids, phenols, cresols, concentrated formic acid, or certain chlorinated solvents at elevated temperature. These agents can solvate or degrade the amide chain; compatibility must be checked with the supplier chemical-resistance chart and tested under the relevant fluid contact method. Regrind use should be controlled by lot traceability and limited to dry, compatible material; wet regrind introduced without re-drying recreates splay and lowers output stability.
Black pigmentation improves ultraviolet screening, but the actual weatherability class should be validated by ISO 4892-2 exposure and gloss retention measured by ISO 2813:2014. Carbon black dispersion quality affects both UV shielding and surface appearance; poor dispersion creates local unprotected regions and visible surface roughness in thin-wall products. Dimensional change due to moisture should be calculated for the intended service environment, not for dry as-molded dimensions. A part molded dry and then equilibrated at 50 % relative humidity will exhibit measurable growth; the exact growth coefficient should be taken from the grade data sheet or measured by ISO 62:2008 and a coordinate measuring machine. For precision fittings, prototype parts should be conditioned to equilibrium before defining dimensional tolerances.
In production-scale automotive tube and hose jacket operations, the largest sources of variation with PA11 are moisture before extrusion, carbon black dispersion, and pellet fines generated during conveyance. Central vacuum loading systems should be set to minimize pellet fracture; fines can accumulate in the feed throat, reduce throughput, and appear as surface disruptions. A vented screw is not generally required if the resin is dry, but if regrind or long hopper residence is expected, a vacuum-vented machine may provide an extra safeguard.
Injection molding of black PA11 fittings uses melt temperatures at the upper end of the extrusion window and tool temperatures between 20 °C and 60 °C; low tool temperatures increase orientation and can reduce impact resistance, while high tool temperatures slow cycle time and promote post-molding shrinkage. Mold release migration from external sprays can create visible films on black surfaces; using a polished tool surface and minimizing release agent reduces the need for post-molding cleaning. Compliance statements for REACH regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU should be obtained from the supplier for the exact black formulation; statements for natural PA11 do not necessarily cover carbon black masterbatch components. Processors qualifying the black grade should not assume that natural PA11 data covers carbon black effects on crystallinity, melt viscosity, or surface appearance. The presence of carbon black can increase melt viscosity slightly, raise the apparent melt temperature under shear, and reduce elongation at break relative to natural resin. These shifts are routine but must be captured in lot qualification, and the published data for the P123 black configuration are limited; therefore a first-article approval should include tensile bars, impact specimens, and pressure-burst or fatigue segments cut from the actual production line.
