| HS Code | |
| Product Name | Ethylenediamine |
| Iupac Name | Ethane-1,2-diamine |
| Molecular Formula | C2H8N2 |
| Molar Mass | 60.10 g/mol |
| Cas Number | 107-15-3 |
| Ec Number | 203-468-6 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Ammonia-like |
| Density | 0.899 g/cm³ at 20 °C |
| Melting Point | 8.7 °C |
| Boiling Point | 116.1 °C |
| Flash Point | 34 °C (closed cup) |
| Autoignition Temperature | 385 °C |
| Vapor Pressure | 10.7 mmHg at 20 °C |
| Vapor Density | 2.07 (air = 1) |
| Solubility | Miscible with water, ethanol, acetone |
| Ph | 11.8 (1% aqueous solution) |
| Viscosity | 1.54 mPa·s at 25 °C |
| Refractive Index | 1.4568 at 20 °C |
| Pka1 | 9.98 at 25 °C |
| Pka2 | 7.56 at 25 °C |
| Explosive Limits | 2.5–16.6% (v/v) in air |
| Un Number | 1604 |
| Hazard Class | 8 |
| Packing Group | II |
As an accredited Ethylenediamine factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Ethylenediamine packaged in 200 L steel drums, properly sealed and labeled with corrosive and flammable hazard warnings. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Ethylenediamine loaded in 20′ FCL: UN-approved drums, properly secured, corrosive hazard labels, and dangerous goods documentation. |
| Shipping | Ethylenediamine is shipped as UN1604, Class 8 corrosive (Packing Group II), with flammable-liquid subsidiary risk. Use UN-approved, leakproof packaging, corrosive/flammable labels, and proper DOT/IATA/IMDG documentation. Store upright, cool, ventilated, away from acids, oxidizers, heat, and ignition sources; include emergency response information. |
| Storage | Store ethylenediamine in a cool, dry, well-ventilated, fire-resistant area away from heat, ignition sources, acids, oxidizers, and chlorinated compounds. Keep containers tightly closed and made of compatible materials such as stainless steel or lined steel. Protect from moisture and carbon dioxide. Store only in labeled containers. Use secondary containment, grounding, and spill kit; ensure eyewash/safety shower nearby. |
| Shelf Life | Ethylenediamine shelf life: typically about two years if stored sealed, cool, dry, well-ventilated, away from acids, oxidizers, and moisture. |
In ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicide synthesis, ethylenediamine is first converted to disodium ethylenebisdithiocarbamate in aqueous alkali, then complexed with manganese and zinc salts. The addition ratio is governed by the 1:1 molar stoichiometry between ethylenediamine and the ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) ligand; commercial mancozeb technical campaigns normally consume between 0.20 kg and 0.24 kg ethylenediamine per 1 kg technical product, with the exact value shifting according to the manganese-to-zinc index and free ligand specification. The downstream production process is run in a glass-lined batch reactor with pH maintained between 8.5 and 10.5; carbon disulfide is metered below 30 °C to prevent thiuram disulfide side-reaction, and manganese sulfate plus zinc chloride are added at 50–60 °C. The precipitated slurry is filtered on a rotary vacuum filter and dried in a spray dryer at inlet temperatures of 180–220 °C and outlet temperatures below 95 °C to preserve suspensibility. Compliance is assessed against FAO/WHO specification 512/TC, JMPR monograph requirements, 40 CFR 180 crop tolerances in the United States, and Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 dossier data in the EU; wastewater from the process is discharged only after cyanide-destruction and sulfide oxidation because the mother liquor contains residual dithiocarbamate and inorganic sulfur species. Terminal product types include 75% WP, 80% WG, 42% SC, and technical concentrate for toll blending into potato, tomato, apple, and soybean fungicide formulations.
In continuous EDTA production, ethylenediamine is condensed with sodium cyanide and formaldehyde under alkaline conditions to produce tetrasodium EDTA, followed by acid precipitation of the free acid. Ethylenediamine consumption is approximately 0.21 kg per 1 kg of actual EDTA acid, based on the molecular weights 60.1 g/mol and 292.24 g/mol; the cyanide feed is maintained at 4.1–4.3 mol per 1 mol ethylenediamine so that nitrile formation proceeds to completion without generating excessive residual cyanide in the final mother liquor. The downstream production process uses a jacketed stainless reactor; ethylenediamine is added to aqueous sodium cyanide at ≤25 °C, formaldehyde solution is then fed at 65–70 °C, and the exothermic condensation is controlled by jacket cooling before alkaline hydrolysis at 90–100 °C. Free acid is precipitated with sulfuric acid at pH 1.5–2.0, filtered through a recessed filter press, and granulated in a fluidized-bed dryer with inlet air below 90 °C. Compliance includes USP monograph for edetate salts, FCC 13 identity and assay, NSF/ANSI/CAN 60 for drinking water treatment chemicals, and REACH Annex II where the substance is registered as a full registration by the lead registrant. Terminal product types include EDTA-2Na, EDTA-4Na, zinc-EDTA and iron-EDTA micronutrient chelates, metal-control additives in industrial cleaning, and photographic bleach stabilizers.
| EDTA salt | Typical active content | Reference standard |
|---|---|---|
| EDTA-2Na | ≥99.0% dry basis | USP, FCC 13 |
| EDTA-4Na | ≥99.0% dry basis | NSF/ANSI/CAN 60 |
| Zn-EDTA | 15.0% Zn | EU Fertilising Products Regulation |
| Fe-EDTA | 13.0% Fe | EU Fertilising Products Regulation |
Where heavy-duty laundry powders are formulated for cold-water oxygen bleaching, tetraacetylethylenediamine is synthesized from ethylenediamine and acetic anhydride, with ethylenediamine consumption at approximately 0.26 kg per 1 kg tetraacetylethylenediamine based on molecular weights 60.1 g/mol and 228.25 g/mol. The downstream production process is a two-stage acetylation in acetic acid at 60–95 °C, followed by cooling crystallization, vacuum filtration, hot-water washing to remove diacetyl and triacetyl intermediates, and fluidized-bed drying below 70 °C; granulation is typically specified at 500–1000 µm median particle size to reduce segregation in detergent powders. In end-use formulations, tetraacetylethylenediamine is incorporated at 1–4 wt% of heavy-duty compact powder, with percarbonate-to-tetraacetylethylenediamine molar ratios between 2.5:1 and 3.5:1; addition above 5 wt% does not linearly increase active-oxygen release and may elevate formulation cost without wash-performance gain. Compliance is evaluated under OECD 301B ready biodegradability, Regulation (EC) No 648/2004 detergent labeling, and the EPA Safer Choice ingredient list; dust exposure is controlled to national inhalable fraction occupational exposure limits. Terminal product types include automatic dishwashing tablets, institutional laundry oxygen systems, and stain-removal boosters for consumer powders.
Ethyleneurea is produced by melt condensation of ethylenediamine with urea at 150–250 °C, releasing ammonia; ethylenediamine consumption is approximately 0.70 kg per 1 kg ethyleneurea from molecular weights 60.1 g/mol and 86.09 g/mol. The ethyleneurea intermediate is then methylolated with formaldehyde and partially etherified with methanol to yield low-formaldehyde dimethylol ethyleneurea-type resins for cellulose crosslinking. In the downstream pad-dry-cure process, the resin bath is formulated at 60–100 g/L active dimethylol ethyleneurea, with magnesium chloride hexahydrate catalyst at 20–30% on resin solids (6–12 g/L); fabric is padded to 70–80% wet pickup, dried at 110–120 °C, and cured at 150–170 °C for 60–120 s. Production-scale stenters require continuous formaldehyde vapor monitoring because free formaldehyde rises when line speed drops; washed fabric is tested to Oeko-Tex Standard 100 Annex 4 limits of <16 mg/kg for infant textiles and <75 mg/kg for skin-contact articles, and ZDHC MRSL v3.2 restricts formaldehyde-releasing inputs. Terminal product types include wrinkle-resistant cotton shirting, non-iron bed linen, and durable-press workwear; the use is limited where strict formaldehyde-free claims are required.
Stoichiometrically blended into bisphenol A diglycidyl ether with an epoxide equivalent weight of 182–192 g/eq, ethylenediamine functions as a low-viscosity aliphatic curative. The amine hydrogen equivalent weight is 15.0 g/eq, giving a calculated addition ratio of 7.9 phr for EEW 190 g/eq; commercial ambient-cure formulations usually operate at 7.5–8.5 phr to balance through-cure and brittleness. The downstream production process for 100 g mixed mass at 23 °C has a pot life of 20–30 min, with thin-section exotherm limited below 90 °C; industrial dispensing equipment requires heated static mixers only below 20 °C, and cure schedules are 24 h at room temperature plus 2 h at 60 °C. High relative humidity above 60% causes surface carbamation and hazy blush, so seal-coat operations are interrupted when dew point exceeds 15 °C. Compliance for pipe linings is assessed under NSF/ANSI 61, and for food-contact coatings under 21 CFR 175.300 extractive limits; occupational exposure is managed to national workplace exposure limits, with several EU member states listing an 8-hour OEL of 10 ppm. Terminal product types include concrete crack-injection grouts, high-build protective coatings, and adhesives for metal fabrication.
| DGEBA EEW (g/eq) | EDA phr at AHEW 15.0 g/eq | 100 g mixed mass gel time at 23 °C (min) |
|---|---|---|
| 170 | 8.8 | 15–25 |
| 182 | 8.2 | 20–30 |
| 190 | 7.9 | 20–30 |
| 200 | 7.5 | 25–35 |
Fatty acid-ethylenediamine condensation produces aminoethyl imidazoline corrosion inhibitors for metalworking fluids and oilfield batch treatment. Ethylenediamine charge is commonly 0.28–0.35 kg per 1 kg tall oil fatty acid depending on acid value and targeted imidazoline/amide ratio; the reaction is run at 160–180 °C with nitrogen sparge and phosphoric acid catalyst at 0.05–0.1 wt%, then progressed to 180–200 °C under vacuum of −0.08 MPa to drive ring closure and strip water. The downstream product is neutralized with acetic acid to yield water-dispersible salts; in soluble oil concentrates, the amidoamine/imidazoline additive is included at 5–20 wt%, while in semisynthetic metalworking fluid concentrates the working dilution at 1:20 delivers 0.1–0.5 wt% active inhibitor. Corrosion inhibition is evaluated by cast-iron chip tests according to ASTM D4627, turbine oil rust prevention according to ASTM D665, and oilfield qualification programs include rotating cage autoclave evaluations under operator-specified NACE standard methods. Compliance is documented under REACH full registration, OECD 306 marine biodegradability for offshore applications, and GHS classification as H315/H319 for the neutralized salts; terminal product types include soluble cutting oils, semisynthetic coolants, pickling inhibitors, and downhole corrosion inhibitors for oil-producing wells.
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Ethylenediamine (EDA), CAS 107-15-3, EC 203-468-6, is a primary aliphatic diamine with the linear structure H2NCH2CH2NH2 and a molecular weight of 60.10 g/mol. The substance is supplied in two standard product forms: an anhydrous liquid and a 70 wt% aqueous solution. Anhydrous material is the primary feedstock for synthetic intermediates, while the aqueous form is used where reduced vapour concentration during storage and feeding is required. Representative analytical limits for the anhydrous product are listed in Table 1. The liquid has a density of 0.897–0.899 g/cm³ at 20 °C by ASTM D4052, a dynamic viscosity of 1.54 mPa·s at 25 °C, a normal boiling range of 116.0–117.5 °C by ASTM D1078, a flash point of 34 °C closed cup by ASTM D56, and a vapour pressure of approximately 14 hPa at 20 °C. The freezing point of 10.8 °C imposes a heating requirement for outdoor storage in temperate and cold regions.
| Property | Representative limit | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Assay | ≥ 99.5 wt% | Capillary GC with flame ionization detection |
| Water content | ≤ 0.3 wt% | ASTM E203 |
| Color, APHA | ≤ 15 | ASTM D1209 |
| Boiling range at 101.3 kPa | 116.0–117.5 °C | ASTM D1078 |
| Density at 20 °C | 0.897–0.899 g/cm³ | ASTM D4052 |
Ethylenediamine is transported under UN 1604, Class 8, Packing Group II. The material reacts exothermically with acids and absorbs carbon dioxide from air to form carbamate derivatives. Bulk equipment is therefore specified with nitrogen blanketing at 5–15 kPa gauge. The compound attacks copper, brass, and aluminium; wetted parts are normally 316L stainless steel or high-density polyethylene. Because the closed-cup flash point is only 34 °C, transfer pumps and instruments in storage areas are specified for flammable and corrosive service.
In amine-cured epoxy systems, Ethylenediamine carries an amine hydrogen equivalent weight of 15.0 g/eq. For a standard liquid bisphenol A diglycidyl ether resin with an epoxide equivalent weight of 188 g/eq, the stoichiometric loading is 8.0 phr. The corresponding values for Diethylenetriamine and Triethylenetetramine are 20.6 g/eq and 24.4 g/eq; Ethylenediamine therefore reduces hardener addition from approximately 13.0 phr for Triethylenetetramine to 8.0 phr. That low addition rate increases sensitivity to dispensing tolerance. A deviation of ±0.2 phr shifts stoichiometry by approximately 2.5% for Ethylenediamine, whereas the same absolute deviation produces approximately 1.1% shift for Diethylenetriamine in the same epoxy resin. Production-scale mixing lines commonly use mass flowmeters with an accuracy of ±0.5% of reading to maintain this window.
Ethylenediamine cures with high initial exotherm because the two primary amine groups are separated by only two carbon atoms. Gel time measured by ASTM D2471 in a 100 g mass at 25 °C is routinely below 30 min; large static mixers require chilled water jackets to keep resin temperature below 45 °C. Higher ethyleneamines such as Diethylenetriamine have longer pot life and lower vapour pressure, which reduces operator exposure and surface blush. Ethylenediamine is more prone to carbamation when exposed to carbon dioxide and moisture in ambient air; the resulting waxy surface deposits can reduce adhesion in laminates. Table 2 compares the structural and processing properties of Ethylenediamine with common alternative amine monomers.
| Property | Ethylenediamine | Diethylenetriamine | Triethylenetetramine | Hexamethylenediamine |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Molecular weight, g/mol | 60.10 | 103.17 | 146.23 | 116.21 |
| Normal boiling point, °C | 116.5 | 204 | 266 | 204 |
| AHEW, g/eq | 15.0 | 20.6 | 24.4 | 29.1 |
| Physical state at 25 °C | Liquid | Liquid | Liquid | Low-melting solid |
| Representative application | Chelating agent intermediate | Epoxy hardener | Curing agent | Nylon 6,6 co-monomer |
For ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid synthesis, the C2 backbone of Ethylenediamine provides sufficient spacing for four carboxymethyl groups after cyanoalkylation. The commercial route proceeds through the tetraacetonitrile intermediate by reaction with formaldehyde and sodium cyanide in alkaline aqueous solution. Process vessels are normally glass-lined or Hastelloy C-276 because free cyanide in the presence of iron can form hexacyanoferrate complexes and reduce product yield. pH is kept above 10.5 to suppress hydrogen cyanide evolution; hydrogen cyanide has a pKa of 9.2, and headspace HCN rises sharply below this threshold. Temperature is typically controlled between 60 °C and 80 °C. Above 80 °C, hydrolysis of cyanide to ammonia and formate becomes significant; below 60 °C, production cycle time exceeds the normal 6 h batch window. The intermediate tetraacetonitrile is subsequently hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide to tetrasodium EDTA. In this chemistry, the residual water content of Ethylenediamine is less critical than in carbamoylation routes because water is the reaction medium, but iron and copper contamination must be kept below 1 mg/kg to avoid metal chelation losses.
Ethylenediamine is the base structure for ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) salts, the active intermediates for mancozeb and zineb. In the sodium salt process, two moles of carbon disulfide and two moles of sodium hydroxide react with one mole of Ethylenediamine. The alkali-to-EDA molar ratio is fixed at 2.0:1.0; deviations above 2.1:1.0 increase inorganic trithiocarbonate formation, while deviations below 1.9:1.0 leave unreacted amine. Agitated glass-lined reactors with retreat-curve impellers are used because the reaction mixture becomes shear-thinning as the dithiocarbamate concentration exceeds 25 wt%. Carbon disulfide is added below 35 °C, within a ±5 °C control band around 30 °C; above 35 °C, CS2 evaporation and hydrolysis to carbonyl sulfide increase, while below 25 °C, the condensation rate is insufficient for the desired 4–6 h cycle. A brine-cooled jacket at 0–5 °C is normally specified. Water content in the Ethylenediamine feed above 0.3 wt% shifts the hydrolysis equilibrium and forces an increase in carbon disulfide excess from 2 wt% to 5 wt% depending on agitator power per volume. The free amine content in the sodium ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) intermediate is held below 0.1 wt% to prevent gelatinous by-products during subsequent manganese or zinc salt precipitation. Published data for full-scale side-product variation is limited, but headspace monitoring of hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide is used as a process control boundary.
During polyamide-epichlorohydrin wet-strength resin production, Ethylenediamine is evaluated against Diethylenetriamine because the shorter C2 spacer reduces branching during adipic acid polycondensation. The reaction is run under nitrogen sweep to prevent amine carbamation at the reactor head; acid value is tracked by ASTM D974 until the target of 20 mg KOH/g or lower is reached. Residual water in the EDA feed above 0.3 wt% retards molecular weight build and broadens the oligomer distribution, which later affects epichlorohydrin chain-extension efficiency. Compared with Diethylenetriamine, EDA yields lower intermediate viscosity at equivalent acid value but requires tighter pH control during chain extension because primary amine end groups react rapidly with epichlorohydrin between pH 8 and 9. Production-scale records indicate that the pH drop during epichlorohydrin addition is more abrupt with EDA than with DETA; metering pumps with ±0.1 pH feedback control are specified.
Bulk storage of Ethylenediamine requires exclusion of carbon dioxide and atmospheric moisture. Tanks are constructed of 316L stainless steel or high-density polyethylene; copper, brass, aluminium, and carbon steel are avoided because they either corrode or catalyse colour formation. Nitrogen blanketing at 5–15 kPa gauge prevents carbamate crust formation at dip tubes and conserves assay. Ambient temperatures below 10.8 °C necessitate trace heating to 20–25 °C because solidification of the liquid damages pumps and level instruments. Gaskets and seals are limited to EPDM or PTFE; nitrile rubber is not specified because amine absorption causes swelling and loss of seal compression. Storage in the same bund as strong acids, peroxides, or oxidizing agents is prohibited under the substance classification for corrosive flammable liquid. Scrubber systems on bulk vents use dilute sulfuric acid to capture amine vapours, with scrubber liquor pH maintained below 3 to ensure neutralization.
