| HS Code | |
| Polymer Type | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) |
| Chemical Composition | Terpolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene |
| Density | 1.04-1.07 g/cm3 |
| Tensile Strength | 40-50 MPa |
| Flexural Modulus | 2.1-2.8 GPa |
| Notched Izod Impact Strength | 200-400 J/m |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 105 °C |
| Heat Deflection Temperature | 80-100 °C at 1.82 MPa |
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.17-0.25 W/m·K |
| Coefficient Of Linear Thermal Expansion | 70-110 ×10^-6/°C |
| Water Absorption | 0.2-0.45% after 24 h |
| Electrical Resistivity | >10^15 Ω·cm |
| Dielectric Constant | 2.8-3.2 at 1 MHz |
| Rockwell Hardness | R100-R115 |
| Flammability Rating | UL 94 HB, with V-0 available in flame-retardant grades |
| Molding Shrinkage | 0.4-0.8% |
| Chemical Resistance | Resistant to aqueous acids, alkalis, and alcohols; attacked by ketones, esters, and chlorinated hydrocarbons |
| Processing Methods | Injection molding, extrusion, thermoforming, 3D printing |
| Service Temperature Range | -20 to 80 °C |
| Uv Resistance | Poor unless stabilized |
As an accredited Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) packed in 25 kg moisture-resistant, heat-sealed polyethylene-lined woven bags, palletized and stretch-wrapped for transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) resin in 25kg bags loaded into 20' FCL, palletized, secured, shipped under standard dry conditions. |
| Shipping | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is typically shipped as solid pellets, granules, or powder. It is not classified as dangerous goods for transport (DOT/IATA/IMDG) in solid form. Use sealed bags, drums, or bulk containers; keep dry, cool, and away from ignition sources. Avoid dust generation. |
| Storage | Store ABS resin in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, sparks, and open flames. Keep containers tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption and dust accumulation. Segregate from strong oxidizers. Avoid prolonged storage above recommended temperatures to prevent degradation. Use grounded equipment to control static. Store in original packaging. Follow the supplier’s SDS and local regulations. |
| Shelf Life | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) has indefinite shelf life when stored dry, cool, away from sunlight; typical storage is 12–24 months. |
Within automotive interior programs, ABS and ABS/PC alloys are specified for low-gloss, low-emission trim substrates where dimensional stability and grain retention must survive 24-hour heat aging at 90 °C without visible delta E shift. The dominant formulation boundary is the polycarbonate addition ratio: commercial ABS/PC interior compounds are compounded at a PC:ABS ratio of 60:40 to 70:30 by weight, with 0.3–0.6 wt% hindered phenolic/phosphite antioxidant blend, 0.5–1.0 wt% UV absorber/HALS package for indirect sunlight, and 2–4 wt% low-emission color masterbatch. For unpainted matte surfaces, 3–6 wt% methacrylate-styrene copolymer matting agent is added to reduce 60° gloss below 2.5 GU and to avoid mold deposit formation on cavity surfaces. Pre-drying is performed at 80–90 °C for 3–4 hours until residual moisture is below 0.02% because PC hydrolysis at melt temperature causes splay on finished skins. Injection molding uses a 20–24 L/D general-purpose screw with compression ratio 2.5–3.0, melt temperature 240–270 °C, mold temperature 60–90 °C, injection pressure 70–100 MPa, and holding pressure 40–60 MPa; mold temperatures below 60 °C produce high residual stress and tiger-stripe gloss bands on grained surfaces. Compliance for interior materials references ISO 3795 or FMVSS 302 with burn rate below 100 mm/min, ISO 527-2:2012 tensile properties, ISO 75-2:2013 HDT/A at 1.80 MPa, ISO 179-1/1eU Charpy impact, VDA 277 total VOC emission limits, and ELV 2000/53/EC plus REACH for heavy-metal and SVHC restrictions. Terminal product types include instrument panel retainers, center console substrates, door upper trim panels, steering column shrouds, exterior mirror housings, and painted radiator grille surrounds where ABS provides adhesion for two-pack polyurethane or acrylic topcoats.
Because flame-retardant ABS compounds compete with PC/ABS and PC/PBT in information technology and power distribution enclosures, the selection boundary is set by UL 94 V-0 at 1.5 mm and glow-wire performance under IEC 60695-2-11 rather than by tensile strength alone. The formulation addition ratio for brominated FR ABS is typically 16–20 wt% brominated epoxy oligomer, 4–6 wt% antimony trioxide synergist, 0.1–0.3 wt% polytetrafluoroethylene anti-drip agent, 1–2 wt% color masterbatch, and 72–78 wt% ABS base resin. Phosphorous-based FR systems based on resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) are used at 18–22 wt% in ABS/PC blends where bromine-free grades are required, but they trade HDT reduction of 5–10 K for improved smoke density. Molding is performed after pre-drying at 80–85 °C for 3–4 hours to below 0.05% moisture; melt temperature is kept between 200–230 °C because brominated epoxy decomposes above 240 °C and generates hydrogen bromide that corrodes P20 mold steel, while barrel residence time is limited to below 5 minutes. Tooling should use vented steel or chemical-nickel plating and open vents of 0.02–0.04 mm at flow-front meeting points to prevent brown gas streaks and burn marks. Compliance for end-use enclosures references UL 94 V-0/5VA as listed on UL Yellow Cards, IEC 60695-2-11 glow-wire tests at 850–960 °C depending on appliance standard and current-carrying proximity, IEC 62368-1 for information technology equipment, and RoHS 2011/65/EU with restricted phthalates under (EU) 2015/863. Terminal product types include router and switch housings, server faceplates, uninterruptible power supply covers, appliance control boxes, and DIN-rail mounted electrical enclosures.
| UL 94 class | Specimen thickness | Brominated epoxy oligomer | Antimony trioxide | PTFE anti-drip | ABS base resin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V-2 | 1.5 mm | 12–14 wt% | 3–5 wt% | 0.2–0.3 wt% | 81–85 wt% |
| V-0 | 1.5 mm | 16–20 wt% | 4–6 wt% | 0.2–0.3 wt% | 74–80 wt% |
| 5VA | 2.5 mm | 18–22 wt% | 5–7 wt% | 0.3–0.5 wt% | 71–77 wt% |
Etched ABS electroplating depends on selective oxidation of butadiene-rich domains to create a mechanical interlock for electroless copper or nickel; therefore the copolymer microstructure, not merely the melt flow, determines first-pass plate adhesion. Electroplating-grade ABS is formulated with a polybutadiene phase of 15–25 wt% and an average rubber particle diameter of 0.2–0.6 µm, because domain sizes below 0.2 µm etch too slowly and larger domains above 0.8 µm produce pit defects after chromic acid immersion. No filler is used, and lubricant addition is held to 0.2–0.5 wt% ethylenebisstearamide or similar because migration to the surface causes skip plating. Molding uses melt temperature 230–250 °C, mold temperature 50–70 °C, injection speed in the upper-third of machine capability, and holding pressure sufficient to eliminate sink marks; high shear and cold mold conditions create orientation stress that accelerates local etch attack and visible flow-line blistering in thermal cycling. Preplate processing consists of alkaline degreasing at 50–60 °C, chromic-sulfuric acid etching at 60–68 °C for 5–10 minutes to remove butadiene domains to a depth of 0.2–0.5 µm, chromium-neutralisation, tin chloride sensitisation, palladium chloride activation, electroless nickel or copper deposition at 30–45 °C, then electrolytic copper/nickel/chromium plating to service condition classes. Compliance is anchored to ASTM B604 for decorative electroplated coatings on plastics, thermal cycle testing of 20–25 cycles from -30 °C to +80 °C according to OEM validation protocols, and REACH restrictions on hexavalent chromium etch solutions that require waste chromium recovery or trivalent chromium alternative etching where site permits demand. Terminal product types include radiator grille surrounds, automotive badges and wheel center caps, sanitary faucet trim, appliance control knobs, camera body top plates, and cosmetic electronic housing covers where brightwork over plastic is required.
On ABS DWV pipe extrusion lines, vacuum sizing and multi-stage cooling govern outside diameter more than melt temperature alone, because outside diameter tolerances of ±0.2 mm on 50–160 mm nominal sizes are controlled by calibrator block design and drawdown, not by screw rpm. The compound for ASTM D2661-21 DWV pipe is a formulated system containing 94–96 wt% ABS base resin, 2–3 wt% titanium dioxide white masterbatch, 0.5–1.5 wt% acrylic processing aid to widen the processing window, 0.2–0.5 wt% paraffin wax internal lubricant, and 0.1–0.4 wt% hindered phenolic antioxidant for melt stabilisation. Fittings grades use slightly higher butadiene content and a lower lubricant loading to improve impact strength and pressure resistance at injection-weld lines. Pipe extrusion uses a single or twin-screw extruder with L/D 20–30, barrel temperature profile 180–220 °C from feed to die, melt temperature 190–220 °C, die head pressure 10–20 MPa, vacuum sizer pressure -0.03 to -0.06 MPa, and cooling water at 20–40 °C. Fittings are injection molded at melt 220–260 °C, mold 40–70 °C, and clamp force selected for 60–80 MPa cavity pressure. Jointing is performed with solvent cement conforming to ASTM D2235, and pipe-to-fitting interference is sized for 0.2–0.5 mm before cementing. Compliance includes ASTM D2661-21 for ABS DWV pipe and fittings, ASTM D3965 cell classification for ABS materials, ISO 15493:2003 for industrial ABS piping, and NSF/ANSI 14 for plastic drainage components where national plumbing codes require third-party listing. Terminal product types include sanitary drainage pipes, vent stacks, laboratory waste lines, industrial drainage manifolds, and electrical conduit where non-metallic ABS ducting is permitted. The system is not rated for continuous hot-water pressure service; published data for ABS DWV above 60 °C continuous immersion indicates progressive loss of hoop stress capacity, and UV-stabilised opaque grades are required for exposed risers.
Thermoformed ABS sheet is extruded as monolayer or coextruded with a PMMA or ASA cap layer to control gloss, chemical resistance, and UV stability in appliance and sanitary ware applications. Sheet-grade ABS compound addition ratios are typically 100 parts ABS resin with 2–4 wt% color masterbatch, 0.5–1.0 wt% UV absorber/HALS package for exterior exposure, and 0.1–0.3 wt% external lubricant to prevent roll-stack adhesion. For deep-draw parts with draw ratio above 3:1, high-molecular-weight ABS or an ABS/ASA blend at 10–20 wt% ASA is used to increase melt strength and reduce sheet sag. Extrusion is performed on a single-screw extruder with L/D 30–36, melt temperature 220–240 °C, and a three-roll polishing stack at 80–95 °C; sheet thickness from 1.5 mm to 8.0 mm is controlled by roll gap and die lip, with thickness variation held below ±5%. Thermoforming uses plug-assisted vacuum/pressure forming at sheet surface temperatures of 140–180 °C; aluminium tooling is maintained at 30–60 °C, and cooling fixtures are required to hold formed edges below distortion limits. Compliance for appliance liners references UL 94 HB for interior components, IEC 60335-1 glow-wire tests where unattended appliance standards apply, REACH and RoHS 2011/65/EU material restrictions. Some food-contact uses require migration testing under EU 10/2011 or FDA 21 CFR 177.1020, but ABS is not universally listed for all food types and published data for direct fatty-food contact beyond short-term incidental contact is limited. Terminal product types include refrigerator door liners, deep-freeze inner liners, formed luggage shells, recreational vehicle interior panels, thermoformed spa side skirts, and coextruded ABS/PMMA sanitary ware backsplashes.
Process capability studies in toy injection molding track notched Izod retention after regrind addition, because production lines often return 10–20 wt% sprues and runners into the feed stream and each heat history can reduce impact strength by 5–10% if melt temperature drifts above 240 °C. The base formulation for building-block toys uses general-purpose ABS with melt flow rate 20–40 g/10 min at 220 °C/10 kg under ISO 1133-1:2022, colored with 2–4 wt% SAN- or ABS-carrier masterbatch to retain weld-line strength; plasticiser-based color carriers are excluded where migration limits apply under EN 71-3:2019. Injection molding runs at melt temperature 200–240 °C, mold temperature 30–50 °C, injection pressure 60–90 MPa, and clamp force calculated from projected area; vent slots of 0.02–0.04 mm are maintained at flow-front meeting points to prevent burn marks, and screw recovery is limited to 80% of maximum rpm to avoid melt-temperature overshoot. Compliance for toy markets includes ASTM F963-23 surface and substrate heavy-metal limits, EN 71-3:2019 migration of nineteen elements, 16 CFR 1307 phthalate content below 0.1% in accessible components, REACH SVHC screening, and CPSIA total lead below 100 mg/kg in accessible materials. Terminal product types include interlocking building blocks, toy vehicle bodies, board game components, dollhouse furniture, and small handheld consumer product housings where toy-like durability and high-gloss color retention are specified.
When extrusion-grade ABS filament is produced for material extrusion additive manufacturing, diameter ovality rather than tensile strength is often the first cause of spool rejection. Filament compounds use 90–97 wt% ABS base resin, 3–7 wt% high-butadiene impact modifier or SAN-grafted elastomer to reduce warpage, and 1–2 wt% colorant; processing aids at 0.2–0.5 wt% are added to stabilise melt pressure, but excessive lubricant reduces interlayer adhesion in the printed part. Compounding is performed on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 32–40, and filament extrusion through a single-screw line runs at melt temperature 190–220 °C, water bath temperature 40–60 °C, and a dual-axis laser gauge controlling diameter to 1.75 ± 0.05 mm or 2.85 ± 0.05 mm; in-line moisture must be below 0.04% before vacuum packaging with desiccant. Compliance is material-level rather than part-level: RoHS 2011/65/EU and REACH apply to the filament compound, and printed part tensile characterisation follows ISO 527-2:2012; there is no harmonised third-party flammability regime for raw filament except where the end-use article falls within an electronics or toy scope. Finished product types include FDM prototype housings, assembly jigs and fixtures, vacuum forming tools machined from printed blanks, short-run end-use enclosures, and sacrificial lost-form patterns. Published data for long-term creep and UV aging of thin-layer ABS printed parts in industrial service is limited compared with injection molded ABS.
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Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), CAS 9003-56-9, is an amorphous heterophasic terpolymer in which polybutadiene rubber particles are grafted with styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer and dispersed within a continuous SAN matrix. Commercial resins are typically formulated with 20–30 wt% acrylonitrile, 5–30 wt% 1,3-butadiene, and 50–70 wt% styrene. The acrylonitrile mer increases chemical resistance and surface polarity; the butadiene phase contributes impact strength through craze termination and cavitation; the styrene portion controls processing flow and stiffness. Product models are separated into general-purpose, high-impact, high-flow, heat-resistant, plating, and flame-retardant classes. Representative model designations found in supplier datasheets include Chi Mei PA-757, LG Chem HI-121H, SABIC Cycolac MG47, and Toray Toyolac 700 series. Numerical values vary across production sites, so purchase specifications should be checked against a certificate of analysis rather than the generic grade family.
Applications include automotive interior trim, appliance housings, electronic enclosures, plumbing fittings, toys, and business machine components. ABS is generally not specified for continuous outdoor exposure without UV stabilization or an ASA cap because photo-oxidation of unsaturated butadiene causes chalking, yellowing, and loss of notched impact. The density of injection-molding grades normally falls between 1.03 and 1.07 g/cm³ under ISO 1183-1, and melt flow rates range from 4 to 60 g/10 min at 220 °C/10.0 kg under ISO 1133-1:2022. Mass-polymerized grades typically contain lower residual emulsifier and lower gel content; emulsion-derived grades often retain higher rubber grafting efficiency and better low-temperature impact. Twin-screw compounding of heat-sensitive flame-retardant grades on a co-rotating extruder with 40:1 L/D and side-fed antimony trioxide at 200–220 °C helps preserve UL 94 performance and reduces plate-out.
Heat deflection temperature under 0.45 MPa according to ISO 75-2/B is typically 90–110 °C for mass-polymerized grades. Vicat B50 values under ISO 306 are reported in a similar 90–110 °C band. The SAN matrix glass transition temperature is ordinarily 100–110 °C by differential scanning calorimetry under ISO 11357-2 at 10 K/min; the polybutadiene rubber phase retains a low-temperature transition near −80 to −90 °C. Continuous service temperature is not a single material constant: UL 746B relative thermal indexes commonly appear between 60 and 85 °C for electrical and mechanical retention, depending on grade, thickness, and color. Above 250 °C, as observed in thermogravimetric analysis under ISO 11358, unsaturated butadiene segments degrade, producing yellowing, volatile fragments, and reduced impact performance; this degradation threshold limits hot-runner melt inventory and barrel residence time.
Heat-resistant ABS grades replace a portion of styrene with α-methylstyrene or maleimide comonomers, shifting 0.45 MPa HDT to 102–110 °C and Vicat B50 to 105–112 °C. These grades trade processability against heat resistance: melt flow rate falls to 8–15 g/10 min at 220 °C/10.0 kg, and barrel temperature must be raised by 10–20 °C relative to general-purpose grades. Production records show that such grades solidify more rapidly at the gate, requiring hold-pressure extension of 2–3 s/mm wall thickness to avoid sink marks and gate voids. Thermo-oxidative aging can reduce notched impact through polybutadiene crosslinking; the exact loss is grade-specific and should be evaluated by heat aging under ISO 188 followed by ISO 179-1/1eA.
At ambient storage above 60 % relative humidity, the polar acrylonitrile unit absorbs moisture; equilibrium uptake is 0.2–0.6 % at 23 °C under ISO 62. Predrying with desiccant-bed apparatus at 80–90 °C for 2–4 h and a dew point of −30 to −40 °C reduces moisture to below 0.05 wt% as determined by ISO 15512. For injection molding of general-purpose grades, barrel temperatures are set between 210 and 260 °C, mold temperatures between 30 and 60 °C, injection pressures between 60 and 120 MPa, and hold pressures between 50 and 70 MPa. Screw L/D ratios of 20:1 to 24:1 with compression ratios of 2.0:1 to 3.0:1 are common for ABS processing; the melt should not be held above 260 °C for more than 10 min. Shear heating can add 2–5 °C per 10 MPa pressure drop, so screw speed and back pressure require closed-loop control in hot-runner systems.
| Property | General-purpose | High-impact | Heat-resistant | Flame-retardant | Test standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.04–1.06 g/cm³ | 1.03–1.05 g/cm³ | 1.04–1.06 g/cm³ | 1.16–1.22 g/cm³ | ISO 1183-1 |
| Melt flow rate at 220 °C/10.0 kg | 20–40 g/10 min | 10–20 g/10 min | 8–15 g/10 min | 20–35 g/10 min | ISO 1133-1:2022 |
| Tensile stress at yield | 40–45 MPa | 35–40 MPa | 45–50 MPa | 35–40 MPa | ISO 527-2 |
| Flexural modulus | 2000–2500 MPa | 1800–2200 MPa | 2200–2700 MPa | 2200–2600 MPa | ISO 178 |
| Charpy notched impact at 23 °C | 15–25 kJ/m² | 25–40 kJ/m² | 15–20 kJ/m² | 10–15 kJ/m² | ISO 179-1/1eA |
| HDT at 0.45 MPa | 95–98 °C | 93–96 °C | 102–110 °C | 88–95 °C | ISO 75-2/B |
| Vicat B50 | 95–100 °C | 92–98 °C | 105–112 °C | 90–96 °C | ISO 306 |
| Mold shrinkage | 0.4–0.6 % | 0.4–0.6 % | 0.4–0.7 % | 0.3–0.5 % | ISO 294-4 |
Electroplating-grade ABS is formulated with butadiene content near 15–25 wt% and bimodal rubber particle distribution, typically with small domains in the 0.1–0.3 µm range and large domains in the 0.5–1.0 µm range. Chromic acid/sulfuric acid etching selectively removes polybutadiene at the surface, producing anchor sites for electroless nickel or copper deposition. Etching is sensitive to rubber particle size: if the distribution is too narrow or the butadiene content too low, adhesion at the plated interface fails or delaminates after thermal cycling. Automotive decorative applications often specify minimum peel strength between 0.5 and 1.5 N/mm, but published data for specific etch chemistries and plating thicknesses is limited; most processors maintain internal peel-adhesion criteria because no single ISO method governs decorative plated ABS. Mold-release additive selection is critical because excessive fatty acid lubricants migrate to the surface and disrupt electroless deposition. Plating-grade ABS is normally limited to lower mold temperatures below 50 °C during molding to minimize surface exudation.
Flame-retardant ABS compounds typically use brominated additives with antimony trioxide as synergistic co-activator to achieve UL 94 V-0 at 1.5 mm or 3.0 mm thickness; some high-flow grades for business machine enclosures meet UL 94 V-0 at 0.75 mm. The melt temperature is held between 220 and 235 °C because brominated degradation at higher temperatures causes plate-out, acid gas evolution, and loss of flame-retardant performance. In hot-runner systems the processing window may narrow to ±5 °C around the set point, requiring multi-zone temperature controllers and low-shear screw designs. Polycarbonate/ABS blends raise 0.45 MPa HDT to 115–130 °C and notched Charpy impact to 30–60 kJ/m², but they reduce melt flow and increase sensitivity to ketone, ester, and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents; strongly alkaline cleaning agents at elevated temperature may also induce stress cracking. Regulatory verification is formulation-specific: RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II limits lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, PBB, and PBDE to 0.1 wt% in homogeneous materials and cadmium to 0.01 wt%. For food-contact uses, FDA 21 CFR 177.1020 addresses acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymers and imposes extraction limits that require end-use testing; REACH SVHC communication duties may also apply to specific additives such as certain brominated flame retardants.
SAN copolymer removes the butadiene phase, giving a transparent rigid material with notched Charpy impact below 5 kJ/m²; ABS restores impact through rubber-phase cavitation but loses transparency. HIPS provides lower cost but also lower chemical resistance and lower heat deflection; typical HIPS HDT at 0.45 MPa is 75–90 °C. ASA replaces polybutadiene with butyl acrylate rubber, retaining impact while improving outdoor weathering; ASA is therefore selected for unpainted exterior parts where ABS would chalk. PC/ABS blends fill the gap between ABS and polycarbonate in energy management under ductile impact and moderate heat, but the polycarbonate fraction increases viscosity and stress-crack sensitivity in the presence of certain plasticizers and cleaning fluids.
| Material | Density | Charpy notched impact at 23 °C | HDT at 0.45 MPa | UV weathering without stabilization | Chemical resistance | Typical alternate selection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABS | 1.03–1.07 g/cm³ | 10–35 kJ/m² | 90–110 °C | Low retention; chalking and impact loss | Moderate; attacked by ketones, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons | Office machine housings, appliance fascias |
| HIPS | 1.03–1.06 g/cm³ | 5–15 kJ/m² | 75–90 °C | Low retention; rapid yellowing | Lower; soluble or swollen in many solvents | Disposable packaging, low-load trays |
| ASA | 1.05–1.07 g/cm³ | 15–35 kJ/m² | 90–100 °C | Higher retention; acrylic rubber resists photo-oxidation | Moderate; similar solvent sensitivity | Unpainted exterior panels, caps, outdoor enclosures |
| PC/ABS | 1.10–1.20 g/cm³ | 30–60 kJ/m² | 115–130 °C | Moderate; UV package needed | Good but stress-crack sensitivity in cleaning fluids | Automotive interior trim, ICT frames requiring higher heat and impact |
For thin-wall parts with nominal wall thickness below 2 mm, high-flow grades with MFR above 30 g/10 min are specified to prevent short shots and excessive weld-line depth; tooling with sequential valve gates and heated sprue bushings is used because the melt freezes quickly at a cold gate. Applications requiring low-gloss, scratch-resistant surfaces use mineral-filled or low-gloss ABS compounds, but filled grades reduce notched impact and raise viscosity. Material substitution from HIPS to ABS is generally driven by higher required notched impact and chemical resistance, but the additional drying requirement and narrower processing window must be accounted for in production planning. Published data for specific mold texturing and scratch-test configurations remains limited.
