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HS Code |
906569 |
| Cas Number | 590-92-1 |
| Molecular Formula | C3H5BrO2 |
| Molecular Weight | 152.98 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
| Boiling Point | 212 °C |
| Melting Point | -19 °C |
| Density | 1.654 g/cm³ at 20 °C |
| Solubility In Water | Soluble |
| Refractive Index | 1.468 |
| Flash Point | 99 °C |
| Pka | 4.29 |
| Synonyms | 3-Bromopropanoic acid; β-Bromopropionic acid |
As an accredited 3-Bromopropionic Acid factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 3-Bromopropionic Acid is supplied in a 100g amber glass bottle, sealed with a red cap and labeled with hazard symbols. |
| Shipping | 3-Bromopropionic Acid is shipped in tightly sealed containers to prevent leaks and contamination. It should be handled as a hazardous chemical, labeled accordingly, and protected from physical damage, heat, and moisture. Transport must comply with relevant regulations (e.g., DOT, IATA) for corrosive substances to ensure safety for handlers and the environment. |
| Storage | 3-Bromopropionic acid should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, tightly sealed in a corrosion-resistant container. Keep it away from sources of ignition, heat, and incompatible materials such as strong bases and strong oxidizing agents. Store at room temperature and protect from light and moisture to prevent degradation. Always follow safety guidelines and regulatory requirements when storing chemicals. |
Applications of 3-Bromopropionic Acid in Industrial ManufacturingAs an established manufacturer of 3-bromopropionic acid, we supply this intermediate to core sectors where it plays a functional role in chemical synthesis. The following sections highlight the material’s established downstream applications, split into distinct industrial tracks. Each segment below details specific usage, compliance criteria, integration into manufacturing, and related finished product types seen in practice. 1. Pharmaceutical Active Ingredient SynthesisPharmaceutical producers utilize 3-bromopropionic acid as a key alkylating agent for the synthesis of various specialty API intermediates, particularly for beta-lactam and antineoplastic compounds. Its incorporation is critical during early-stage intermediate formation, offering a selective bromination moiety essential for downstream functionalization steps. Process chemists control the charge precisely, tracking residuals and reaction purity per industry GMP standards. Industry compliance standards
Typical usage ratio
Downstream process integration
Final product types
2. Agrochemical Intermediate ProductionManufacturers in the agrochemical sector employ this acid to construct halogenated intermediates essential for crop protection actives, including certain fungicides and herbicide scaffolds. Its function as a three-carbon linker with an active bromine moiety supports precise molecular bridging during the formulation of agro intermediates that undergo further transformation. Regulatory requirements in this sector drive rigorous batch validation and traceability. Industry compliance standards
Typical usage ratio
Downstream process integration
Final product types
3. Specialty Monomer Synthesis for PolymersProducers of specialty polymers apply 3-bromopropionic acid as a functional monomer precursor, where the brominated structure permits introduction of specific side groups or crosslinking points. It is often converted into omega-bromoacid derivatives prior to copolymerization. Industrial operators monitor unreacted monomer and chain-termination events to ensure material safety and regulatory conformance for further downstream use. Industry compliance standards
Typical usage ratio
Downstream process integration
Final product types
4. Fine Chemical Intermediate for Flavors & FragrancesLeading producers in the flavor & fragrance industry incorporate this material as a key intermediate during the construction of specialized aroma compounds. Its role centers on enabling controlled halogenation, which sets up downstream steps for creating malonate or aromatic ester notes required in fine fragrance bases and flavor synthetics. Strict contaminant controls and thorough wash-out cycles characterize processing for this end use. Industry compliance standards
Typical usage ratio
Downstream process integration
Final product types
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Day in and day out, our team handles a range of specialty chemicals that serve as stepping stones for diverse industrial needs. Among the portfolio, 3-Bromopropionic Acid has steadily proved its worth at the lab bench and in full-scale production. As a direct manufacturer, we examine the strengths and limitations of each intermediate, keep an eye on purity at each batch, and constantly receive feedback from technicians, researchers, and process teams who use this product in a wide variety of flowchem and batch applications.
3-Bromopropionic Acid, known by its chemical formula C3H5BrO2 and CAS number 590-92-1, sits in a unique spot within the family of halogenated carboxylic acids. What catches the attention of experienced chemists is its precise structure: a three-carbon carboxylic acid with a bromine atom on the terminal carbon. This arrangement delivers reactivity that other carboxylic acids cannot match, especially in certain alkylation and acylation reactions. Industrial buyers appreciate the relatively low molecular weight and manageable boiling point, as these factors impact downstream recovery, purification, and integration into higher-value syntheses.
Our facilities consistently supply this compound as a white to off-white crystalline powder, with a straightforward, sharp odor that experienced operators recognize immediately. We control moisture content and eliminate secondary contaminants that could impact yields in downstream esterification and amidation steps—two of the most common transformations involving this acid. Precise melting point and strict batch homogeneity matter because research teams depend on reproducible results, especially when scaling up from pilot runs to multi-ton campaigns.
Chemists praise 3-Bromopropionic Acid for its dual reactivity. The molecule offers two distinct features that work in tandem: the carboxyl group for acid-base chemistry and the bromoalkyl group for nucleophilic substitution and cross-coupling reactions. In medicinal chemistry, this opens doors to building block libraries and late-stage functionalization, a key step for many small-molecule drug programs. Compared to unhalogenated propionic acid or its chlorinated counterpart, 3-Bromopropionic Acid consistently achieves higher selectivity and milder reaction conditions when used by skilled process teams.
Several stories from our users highlight improved conversions and superior yields during the alkylation of heterocycles, where the bromine’s leaving group ability surpasses that of chlorine analogs. In facilities outfitted with modern environmental controls, the use of brominated intermediates, such as this acid, simplifies the waste treatment stage, since many byproducts are readily identified and neutralized in effluent control systems.
Our interactions with innovators in the pharmaceutical sector guide much of our quality control work. 3-Bromopropionic Acid acts as a reliable key intermediate in the synthesis of certain anticancer and antimicrobial targets. End users report that the bromoacetyl moiety introduced by this acid acts as a strategic functional group, giving medicinal chemists greater flexibility in structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies.
We see frequent demand from R&D divisions focused on non-natural amino acid synthesis, where our 3-Bromopropionic Acid prompts site-specific modifications. Its three-carbon chain and active bromine position suit the design of β-amino acid analogs and related biologically active motifs. Peptide chemists soon recognize the efficiency—less need for tricky protective group strategies and more predictable downstream coupling.
The agrochemical sector relies on this acid for the construction of selective herbicides and fungicides. The bromoalkyl chain offers several points of reactivity, and our users note smoother reactions in the introduction of propionic acid motifs onto aromatic scaffolds. Product managers in these industries often discuss the challenge of balancing reactivity with regulatory compliance. They turn to 3-Bromopropionic Acid’s track record: the brominated nature helps achieve the desired biological activity without introducing unnecessary complexity in formulation stages. Raw material traceability and consistent impurity profiles reduce the burden of repeated toxicological testing as products progress from pilot to registration.
Polymer chemists approach 3-Bromopropionic Acid from yet another angle. The compound’s structure allows functionalization of polymer backbones through esterification or amidation, creating side chains or cross-links with useful properties. Because our manufacturing process delivers defined particle size and narrow melting range, blending with starting monomers or other additives stays predictable. This keeps copolymerization reactions under steady control, especially when temperatures and mixing speeds fluctuate.
Unlike certain halogenated acids, 3-Bromopropionic Acid does not tend to build up colored byproducts or create persistent foaming in mixing vessels. Production teams investing in specialty elastomers or ion-exchange resins value this stability. They note fewer stoppages due to viscosity swings and less equipment cleaning between batches. As a result, costs remain attainable, and process engineers get more leeway to innovate with crosslinked structures.
In head-to-head tests with 2-bromopropionic acid, our results show that the linear chain and terminal bromine found in 3-Bromopropionic Acid favor SN2 mechanisms and yield consistently cleaner product streams in substitution reactions. The branched isomer sometimes introduces side reactions, due to less predictable nucleophilic attack, leading to longer purification steps and reduced atom economy.
Chlorinated propionic acids offer some cost advantages, but in actual practice, the brominated cousin shows higher conversion rates, especially in systems with temperature-sensitive substrates. The increased reactivity of the bromine atom means lower activation energy for displacement and fewer cycles through resource-intensive purification columns. This advantage grows in scale-up runs, where minimizing bottlenecks makes or breaks project timelines.
We notice clear distinctions over iodo-propionic acids, too. Although iodine-based acids bring even higher reactivity on paper, their poor stability and greater cost put them at a disadvantage for routine line production. Iodo acids also raise more frequent environmental health and safety questions, pushing up overhead costs for operational compliance. By contrast, the balance struck by 3-Bromopropionic Acid between reactivity, availability, and handling safety wins out for most process engineers and project planners.
Our decades in the chemical industry have taught us that real-world feedback trumps theoretical design every time. We invest heavily in routine discussions with seasoned operators, technical managers, and product researchers who know exactly what they expect batch after batch. Their early experiences highlighted several pain points that influenced our own quality control protocols over time.
One frequently mentioned issue involved trace halide or peroxide impurities, which previously led to inconsistent purity in downstream esterification. In response, we refined recrystallization and washing parameters, built in additional in-line monitoring using gas chromatography, and retrained our batch operators in quick response testing. We've since seen a significant drop in customer-reported variability, and now routinely achieve over 99% assay by HPLC, with tight limits on heavy metals, residual solvents, and water content.
A few technical teams pushed for larger unit packs to support continuous operations without trade-offs in product flow control. We responded by adding secondary packaging lines that allow safer transfer to inert containers, preserving stability throughout transit and storage. In hot and humid climates, controlling caking and clumping became a priority, so we adapted storage recommendations and tracked temperature along the distribution network to minimize product degradation. Feedback from these data loggers has shaped our shipping practices and reduced product complaints at end-use sites.
Handling 3-Bromopropionic Acid poses predictable, manageable challenges. Plant workers prioritize proper ventilation and routine monitoring of processing equipment, since small amounts of acid fumes may irritate mucous membranes. We've installed improved local exhaust systems in weighing and mixing rooms, based on direct feedback from our operators. As a result, our own workplace incidents involving this product now sit well below sector average, and new hires receive specific training on best handling practices from their first day on site.
Maintaining high throughput without compromising safety requires clarity between batch production, in-line monitoring, and off-line quality control. We invested in automated dosing systems for larger kettles and in real-time moisture monitoring at the discharge point, ensuring consistent, dust-free transfer into reaction vessels. This prevents unnecessary product loss and improves the working environment for everyone involved in handling.
We routinely assess the full life cycle of all our specialty acids, 3-Bromopropionic Acid included, and face the same regulatory and disposal questions as our clients. Brominated intermediates raise specific concerns given their halogen content. Our in-house environmental unit identified that waste streams are best handled through controlled incineration, since bromine byproducts convert to manageable salts and volatile compounds when processed at sufficient temperatures. Where permitted, we work closely with downstream users to design closed-loop systems, reducing off-site transport and minimizing environmental footprint.
Our direct experience with wastewater treatment highlights the advantages of monitoring halogenated organics. We do pre-discharge assays on every lot released, tracking total organic halides (TOX) and specific breakdown products. This improves confidence for environmental officers and helps our partners stay within evolving regulatory thresholds. It also gives us a better handle on identifying the source of any deviations, allowing us to intervene quickly and resolve issues before they reach the user.
While regulations shift from region to region, we tailor our approach by aligning closely with evolving requirements in API, agrochemical, and specialty chemical markets. With 3-Bromopropionic Acid, we maintain consistently full traceability for every lot and strictly document raw material sources and batch records. We support end-users with technical dossiers drawn from real production runs, supported by spectral data and impurity profiles.
Chemists working in regulated markets often need certificate documentation and impurity breakdowns for every delivery. By sharing this background, we earn the trust of technical teams working under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) or ISO-certified regimes. Quality control labs appreciate timely, comprehensive disclosure on potential allergens, possible genotoxic impurities, or extractables and leachables linked to halogenated intermediates. By taking ownership early in the chain, we reduce the compliance headache and help ensure finished product safety.
Operational realities differ between a pharma pilot plant, an academic research lab, and an agrochemical toll facility. Over the years, we’ve adapted our scheduling and fulfillment model accordingly. Some users need multiple drum lots; others request small, sealed packs for one-off high-value syntheses. In both cases, our batch records and stability data mirror actual customer use, rather than relying on stock definitions. This focus on real-world requirements cuts costs and supports continuous improvement in process efficiency.
We’ve collaborated with technical buyers to shift from traditional sack and drum deliveries to sealed, nitrogen-filled containers for long-term storage. This suits climate-controlled warehouse setups, where every fluctuation in humidity pushes up total cost of ownership. For short-run orders, our staff tailor pack sizes without diluting product integrity.
The best feedback on our product rarely comes from spreadsheets or quarterly reviews. Instead, it arrives as a technician’s tip about a way to save a filter paper, or a process chemist’s observation that a tweak in addition speed boosted conversion rates. We treat these insights with earnest attention. Technicians at pilot facilities report smoother crystallization using our 3-Bromopropionic Acid, due to its low residual halides and consistent melting profile. Process development teams have used our product to cut total run times for multi-step syntheses, freeing up more reactor capacity and trimming energy costs in the process.
In custom synthesis, unexpected challenges pop up in every project. Teams walk us through new reaction schemes involving 3-Bromopropionic Acid as a building block, and together we fine-tune solubility and particle size distribution. These collaborations have produced new esters, amides, and specialty derivatives that push chemical innovation one step further, reducing the chasm between bench and production scale. Such hands-on involvement earns us not only orders, but also technical partnerships for years down the line.
What sets direct production apart from supply chain intermediaries is hands-on knowledge at every step, from sourcing precursors to ensuring that every kilogram of 3-Bromopropionic Acid matches the standards set by the toughest clients. We never lose sight of user needs, whether a team is investigating a new reaction pathway or ramping up established projects. Process adjustments come rapidly when feedback surfaces; as manufacturer, we implement upgrades without waiting for multiple third-party approvals.
Our long-term perspective shifts the emphasis to problem-solving over short-term wins. Process teams know they can challenge us with hard-to-solve outliers, and we’ll go back to the drawing board if necessary. This working dynamic distinguishes our product—and our service—today and for the next generation of chemists and engineers.
The world of fine chemicals never stands still, and neither do the uses for 3-Bromopropionic Acid. Novel routes to boron- or silicon-based compounds now call for specialized halogen handling, and the acid’s profile makes it attractive for such demanding situations. We’re already investigating routes to reduce raw material impact, cut process emissions, and introduce green chemistry approaches to bromination. As regulatory agencies ratchet up scrutiny, we continue to partner with customers, learning from both successes and hurdles in the field.
Our experience suggests the days of one-size-fits-all intermediates are gone. Instead, customers gravitate towards partners who grasp the details and bring real improvements to the table. By continuing to invest in feedback, traceability, and genuine technical support, we ensure 3-Bromopropionic Acid remains a trusted and effective building block for today’s breakthrough molecules and tomorrow’s innovations.
